The issue of food safety is of the greatest concern to the world. It is a hot issue and a sensitive issue. Misunderstandings are also misleading and misunderstood. In recent years, the situation has been fundamentally improved.
China is a major country in food production and trade. In 2006, the gross output value of food industries above designated size in China was 2,158.695 billion yuan, and the trade volume of imports and exports reached 40.448 billion US dollars (excluding agricultural products). In 2006, the national food inspection pass rate was 77.9%. In the first half of 2007, the pass rate increased by 85.1%. The average pass rate of food quality in 31 provinces and municipalities was 89.2%. In the second half of 2007, it rose to more than 95%, and in recent years our country Fully start and build food safety protection system.
At the 6th China International Scientific Instrument and Laboratory Equipment Exhibition (CISILE 2008), a report by Professor Jiang Shiqiang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a standing director of the China Instrument and Control Society, a deputy director of the Agricultural Research Institute, and an expert from the China Analysis and Testing Association Won applause from the audience. After the meeting, the author conducted a follow-up visit to Prof. Jiang Shiqiang and conducted in-depth discussions on some of these issues.
Reporter: What are the current food safety standards in China? What is the status of China's food safety supervision system and inspection and inspection system?
Jiang Shiqiang: In 2007, China had issued more than 1,800 national standards concerning food safety and more than 2,900 food industry standards, including more than 650 mandatory national standards.
The scope covered includes: environment of agricultural production place, irrigation water quality, rational use of agricultural input products; animal and plant quarantine regulations; good agricultural practices; limited standards for pesticides, veterinary drugs, pollutants, and harmful microorganisms in food; food additives and their use standards Food packaging materials hygiene standards; special dietary food standards; food labeling standards; food safety production process management and control standards; food testing method standards; involving food, oil, fruits and vegetables and products, milk and dairy products, meat and poultry eggs and The edible agricultural products and processed foods such as products, aquatic products, beverages, alcohol, condiments, baby foods and the like basically cover all aspects from food production, processing, circulation to final consumption.
China has established a strong food safety supervision system. The Chinese government insists on paying close attention to the quality and safety of food from the source, improving all basic aspects and systems for food supervision and strengthening food safety supervision. In order to ensure food safety, the Chinese government has established the concept of full supervision and adhered to the working ideas of prevention and source control. It has formed a supervisory work pattern of “national unified leadership, local government responsibility, department guidance and coordination, and joint actions by all partiesâ€. .
China's food safety inspection and testing system has basically taken shape. In terms of domestic food supervision, a batch of qualified food inspection and testing institutions have been established, and food safety has been formed with “national inspection agencies as leading, provincial and departmental food inspection agencies as main bodies, and city and county food inspection agencies as supplementsâ€. Inspection testing system. A total of 3,913 food testing laboratories have passed the test qualification certification (measurement certification), and the detection capability and detection level have reached or approached the internationally advanced level.
China has launched a total investment of 5.906 billion yuan in the National Inspection and Testing System for Agricultural Product Quality Safety. The total investment of the "Food and Drug Supervision and Management System Infrastructure Project" is 8.8 billion yuan. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Industry and the industry and commerce departments are also working hard to perfect their inspection and inspection systems.
In import and export food supervision, 35 import and export food safety technical support systems led by “National Key Laboratory†were formed. There were 163 import and export food inspection and quarantine laboratories and 1,189 professional and technical personnel. .
Each laboratory can detect 786 safety and health items such as residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, additives, and heavy metals in various foods as well as various food-borne pathogens.
Reporter: What is the status of China's food safety inspection technology?
Jiang Shiqiang: Scientific instruments and testing technology are technical support for ensuring food safety. The food safety inspection technology mainly includes eight types of instruments and methods: instruments for detecting pesticide residues; instruments for detecting residues of veterinary drugs and fishery drugs; instruments for detecting toxic and hazardous elements and their valence analysis; instruments for pathogenic bacteria inspection and bacterial identification; Agricultural product testing instruments; instruments for testing the quality and nutrition of agricultural products; instrumentation equipment for sample preparation; and small and medium-sized instruments and equipment necessary for laboratories.
(a) Instruments for the detection of pesticide residues. Including the following categories. 1, organic chlorine pesticide residue testing equipment. 2, organophosphorus pesticide residues detection equipment. 3, urethane pesticide residue testing equipment. 4, pyrethroid pesticides testing equipment. 5. Herbicide pesticide testing equipment. 6, pesticide residue detection instruments.
At present, the pesticide residue detection has received great attention from developed countries. China has also announced that the sample preparation techniques used for the implementation of the eight national standards for pesticide multi-residue detection are different, but the instruments used are either GC-MS or LC-MS-MS.
(b) Instruments for detecting residues of veterinary drugs and fishery drugs. Veterinary drugs can be roughly divided into 15 categories. Testing methods and instruments are similar.
With reference to AOAC, CAC, EU, Japanese standards and national standards, the scientific instruments required for the detection of pesticides and veterinary drug residues and the state of our industries can be summarized as follows:
(1) The main instrument for pesticide residue detection is a GC equipped with various detectors, supplemented by HPLC, and qualitative and confirmed by GC-MS. (2) The pesticide residue detection instrument is GC-MS or LC-MS-MS. (3) The veterinary drug residue detection instrument is more demanding than the pesticide residue detection, and it is generally detected by HPLC or GC-MS, and further qualitative and confirmed by HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS-MS. (4) International high-end products are led by Agilent, Thermo, Waters, ABI, PerkinElmer, Dionex, Varian and others. (5) China has made great progress in GC, HPLC, and GC-MS in recent years. Such as East West Electronics, Jing Ke, Tian Mei, Wu Feng, Wenling, Beifen, Elite, etc., although there are still some gaps with the above-mentioned international brands, but I am sure it is suitable for preliminary qualitative and quantitative detection of food safety at county and prefectural (city) level. The market is vast and it is expected that domestic instruments will accomplish a great deal.
(3) The most classical instrument for the detection of toxic and hazardous elements and their valence analysis is the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer (AFS) with China's independent intellectual property rights is very distinctive and powerful. It can detect arsenic, lead, mercury, tin, selenium, tellurium, antimony, etc. It has high sensitivity, low detection limit, and can detect multiple elements simultaneously. Cheap. The high sensitivity of ICP-MS and the detection limit of up to ng/ml has attracted attention, but it is expensive.
The valence of the element is different, and the toxicity is very different. In foreign countries, HPLC-AAS, GC-AAS, HPLC-ICP-MS, and CE-ICP-MS are frequently used, but they are expensive. China has mass production of LC-AFS instrument, sensitivity and detection limit can meet the agricultural products, food safety testing, and inexpensive. Detection of toxic and hazardous elements in food safety testing can basically be made using domestic instruments, especially analysis of elemental valences and food safety inspection stations at county and prefecture (city) level.
China is a major country in food production and trade. In 2006, the gross output value of food industries above designated size in China was 2,158.695 billion yuan, and the trade volume of imports and exports reached 40.448 billion US dollars (excluding agricultural products). In 2006, the national food inspection pass rate was 77.9%. In the first half of 2007, the pass rate increased by 85.1%. The average pass rate of food quality in 31 provinces and municipalities was 89.2%. In the second half of 2007, it rose to more than 95%, and in recent years our country Fully start and build food safety protection system.
At the 6th China International Scientific Instrument and Laboratory Equipment Exhibition (CISILE 2008), a report by Professor Jiang Shiqiang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a standing director of the China Instrument and Control Society, a deputy director of the Agricultural Research Institute, and an expert from the China Analysis and Testing Association Won applause from the audience. After the meeting, the author conducted a follow-up visit to Prof. Jiang Shiqiang and conducted in-depth discussions on some of these issues.
Reporter: What are the current food safety standards in China? What is the status of China's food safety supervision system and inspection and inspection system?
Jiang Shiqiang: In 2007, China had issued more than 1,800 national standards concerning food safety and more than 2,900 food industry standards, including more than 650 mandatory national standards.
The scope covered includes: environment of agricultural production place, irrigation water quality, rational use of agricultural input products; animal and plant quarantine regulations; good agricultural practices; limited standards for pesticides, veterinary drugs, pollutants, and harmful microorganisms in food; food additives and their use standards Food packaging materials hygiene standards; special dietary food standards; food labeling standards; food safety production process management and control standards; food testing method standards; involving food, oil, fruits and vegetables and products, milk and dairy products, meat and poultry eggs and The edible agricultural products and processed foods such as products, aquatic products, beverages, alcohol, condiments, baby foods and the like basically cover all aspects from food production, processing, circulation to final consumption.
China has established a strong food safety supervision system. The Chinese government insists on paying close attention to the quality and safety of food from the source, improving all basic aspects and systems for food supervision and strengthening food safety supervision. In order to ensure food safety, the Chinese government has established the concept of full supervision and adhered to the working ideas of prevention and source control. It has formed a supervisory work pattern of “national unified leadership, local government responsibility, department guidance and coordination, and joint actions by all partiesâ€. .
China's food safety inspection and testing system has basically taken shape. In terms of domestic food supervision, a batch of qualified food inspection and testing institutions have been established, and food safety has been formed with “national inspection agencies as leading, provincial and departmental food inspection agencies as main bodies, and city and county food inspection agencies as supplementsâ€. Inspection testing system. A total of 3,913 food testing laboratories have passed the test qualification certification (measurement certification), and the detection capability and detection level have reached or approached the internationally advanced level.
China has launched a total investment of 5.906 billion yuan in the National Inspection and Testing System for Agricultural Product Quality Safety. The total investment of the "Food and Drug Supervision and Management System Infrastructure Project" is 8.8 billion yuan. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Industry and the industry and commerce departments are also working hard to perfect their inspection and inspection systems.
In import and export food supervision, 35 import and export food safety technical support systems led by “National Key Laboratory†were formed. There were 163 import and export food inspection and quarantine laboratories and 1,189 professional and technical personnel. .
Each laboratory can detect 786 safety and health items such as residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, additives, and heavy metals in various foods as well as various food-borne pathogens.
Reporter: What is the status of China's food safety inspection technology?
Jiang Shiqiang: Scientific instruments and testing technology are technical support for ensuring food safety. The food safety inspection technology mainly includes eight types of instruments and methods: instruments for detecting pesticide residues; instruments for detecting residues of veterinary drugs and fishery drugs; instruments for detecting toxic and hazardous elements and their valence analysis; instruments for pathogenic bacteria inspection and bacterial identification; Agricultural product testing instruments; instruments for testing the quality and nutrition of agricultural products; instrumentation equipment for sample preparation; and small and medium-sized instruments and equipment necessary for laboratories.
(a) Instruments for the detection of pesticide residues. Including the following categories. 1, organic chlorine pesticide residue testing equipment. 2, organophosphorus pesticide residues detection equipment. 3, urethane pesticide residue testing equipment. 4, pyrethroid pesticides testing equipment. 5. Herbicide pesticide testing equipment. 6, pesticide residue detection instruments.
At present, the pesticide residue detection has received great attention from developed countries. China has also announced that the sample preparation techniques used for the implementation of the eight national standards for pesticide multi-residue detection are different, but the instruments used are either GC-MS or LC-MS-MS.
(b) Instruments for detecting residues of veterinary drugs and fishery drugs. Veterinary drugs can be roughly divided into 15 categories. Testing methods and instruments are similar.
With reference to AOAC, CAC, EU, Japanese standards and national standards, the scientific instruments required for the detection of pesticides and veterinary drug residues and the state of our industries can be summarized as follows:
(1) The main instrument for pesticide residue detection is a GC equipped with various detectors, supplemented by HPLC, and qualitative and confirmed by GC-MS. (2) The pesticide residue detection instrument is GC-MS or LC-MS-MS. (3) The veterinary drug residue detection instrument is more demanding than the pesticide residue detection, and it is generally detected by HPLC or GC-MS, and further qualitative and confirmed by HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS-MS. (4) International high-end products are led by Agilent, Thermo, Waters, ABI, PerkinElmer, Dionex, Varian and others. (5) China has made great progress in GC, HPLC, and GC-MS in recent years. Such as East West Electronics, Jing Ke, Tian Mei, Wu Feng, Wenling, Beifen, Elite, etc., although there are still some gaps with the above-mentioned international brands, but I am sure it is suitable for preliminary qualitative and quantitative detection of food safety at county and prefectural (city) level. The market is vast and it is expected that domestic instruments will accomplish a great deal.
(3) The most classical instrument for the detection of toxic and hazardous elements and their valence analysis is the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer (AFS) with China's independent intellectual property rights is very distinctive and powerful. It can detect arsenic, lead, mercury, tin, selenium, tellurium, antimony, etc. It has high sensitivity, low detection limit, and can detect multiple elements simultaneously. Cheap. The high sensitivity of ICP-MS and the detection limit of up to ng/ml has attracted attention, but it is expensive.
The valence of the element is different, and the toxicity is very different. In foreign countries, HPLC-AAS, GC-AAS, HPLC-ICP-MS, and CE-ICP-MS are frequently used, but they are expensive. China has mass production of LC-AFS instrument, sensitivity and detection limit can meet the agricultural products, food safety testing, and inexpensive. Detection of toxic and hazardous elements in food safety testing can basically be made using domestic instruments, especially analysis of elemental valences and food safety inspection stations at county and prefecture (city) level.