Data Center Construction FAQ

This article covers the concepts of data centers and the common problems of data centers. Let's take a look at it with Xiaobian:

First, the concept of data center

Data Center (DataCenter) generally refers to centralized processing, storage, transmission, exchange, and management of information in a physical space. Computer equipment, server equipment, network equipment, and storage equipment are generally considered to be key devices in the core equipment room of the network.

Environmental factors required for critical equipment operations, such as power systems, refrigeration systems, cabinet systems, fire protection systems, and monitoring systems, are often considered critical physical infrastructure.

1, the concept of data center

Data Center (DataCenter) generally refers to centralized processing, storage, transmission, exchange, and management of information in a physical space. Computer equipment, server equipment, network equipment, and storage equipment are generally considered to be key devices in the core equipment room of the network. Environmental factors required for critical equipment operations, such as power systems, refrigeration systems, cabinet systems, fire protection systems, and monitoring systems, are often considered critical physical infrastructure.

2. Types and characteristics of computer room engineering (data center)

The electronic equipment room mainly includes a computer room, a telecommunications room, a control room, and a shielding room. These computer rooms have the commonality of electronic computer rooms and their own characteristics. They cover different contents and functions.

(1) In order to effectively prevent electromagnetic interference noise and radiation from affecting electronic equipment and measuring instruments, and to prevent electronic signal leakage and threaten the security of confidential information, state agencies, banks, railways and other units need to establish a shielding room. A data room with confidentiality requirements should be constructed with a shielded machine room to ensure that the data is not leaked during the processing, thus meeting the data confidentiality requirements. Some environments that require high levels of electromagnetic interference, such as test rooms for communication equipment, require the construction of a shielded machine room to prevent interference from external electromagnetic signals. The equipment room with strong electromagnetic interference equipment should be electromagnetically shielded to avoid interference with the normal equipment in the adjacent equipment room.

(2) Important data processing equipment, storage equipment, network transmission equipment and computer room security equipment are placed in the computer room of the computer room. The construction of the computer room should consider the normal operation of the above equipment to ensure the security of information data and the physical and mental health of the staff. Large computer room is generally composed of unmanned area computer room and manned area computer room. The unmanned area computer room generally includes a small computer room, a server room, a storage room, a network room, a media storage room, an air conditioning equipment room, a UPS equipment room, a power distribution room, etc.; the manned area computer room generally includes a general control center machine room, a research and development machine room, and a test. Machine room, equipment test room, equipment maintenance storage room, buffer room, changing room, lounge, etc. The small and medium computer room can combine the small computer room, the server room, and the storage room into one main room.

(III) Control of the computer room With the development of intelligent buildings, in order to realize the control of intelligent building equipment in the building, it is necessary to set up a control room. Compared with the data room and the telecommunication room, the control room has a small room area, a single function, and a slightly lower environmental requirement. However, it is related to the safe operation of intelligent buildings and the normal use of equipment and facilities.

The control room includes building intelligent control room, security monitoring room, fire control room, satellite receiver room, video conference control room and so on. The common feature of these control rooms is that there are operators working in the equipment room to ensure the physical needs of the operators while ensuring the operation of the electronic equipment. According to the requirements of equipment and operation, these control rooms also have their corresponding characteristics.

(1) Building intelligent control room. It is mainly used for the host and control equipment for intelligent control of buildings. It monitors the public lighting, air-conditioning system, elevators and wind, water and electricity in the building in real time to ensure the safe operation of intelligent buildings.

(2) Security monitoring room. The monitoring host and terminal display equipment are built in, and video surveillance and burglar alarms are carried out on the entrances and exits of the building, garages, walkways, elevator cars, etc.

(3) Fire control room. It is the control center of the fire automatic alarm and linkage system, and also the fire control command and information center, which has a very important position and role. The "Fire Protection Code for High-rise Civil Building Design" and "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" have clearly defined the scope, location and fire performance of the fire monitoring equipment room, and put forward the principle requirements for its main functions.

(4) Satellite receiver room. Mainly used for satellite receivers, modems, mixers, amplifiers, cable access equipment, monitors in various frequency bands, etc. The satellite receiver room is generally located on the top floor of the building, which is conducive to the transmission of the Weixing TV signal.

(5) Video conference control room. It is mainly used to place video conference main control unit (MCU), mixer, audio sound reinforcement system, signal transmission equipment, console equipment, signal source cabinet and so on. However, since the general video conference control room area is small, the equipment should be arranged flexibly according to the specific conditions of the room.

(4) Telecom room

The telecom equipment room is a valuable resource for every telecom operator. It is of great significance to use the telecommunications equipment room reasonably, effectively and fully. It is of great significance for the operation and maintenance of equipment, rapid processing of equipment failures, cost reduction and improvement of the core competitiveness of enterprises.

Telecommunications equipment rooms are generally distinguished and arranged according to different functions and specialties, and are usually divided into equipment equipment rooms, supporting equipment rooms and auxiliary equipment rooms.

The equipment room is a building space for installing a certain type of communication equipment to realize a certain communication function, which is convenient for the operation, maintenance and production of the corresponding professional. It is generally composed of a transmission room, a switch room, and a network room. The supporting equipment room is used to install the building space for ensuring the normal, safe and stable operation of the communication facilities. It is generally composed of a billing center, a network management room, a power battery room, a power distribution room and an oil machine room.

The auxiliary equipment room is the house that needs production, office and life in addition to the communication equipment room. It is generally operated by the operation and maintenance office, operation and maintenance duty room, data room, spare parts warehouse, fire security room, new fan room, cylinder room and toilet. composition. In general intelligent buildings, communication rooms are often built in conjunction with computer network rooms.

Although the cooling management of data center operators is much better than a decade ago, many facilities still face problems such as insufficient capacity utilization and wasted energy. Experts say that the ultimate goal of airflow management is to better control the cooling temperature setpoint of the IT air intake while minimizing the amount of air delivered to the data hall.

Second, the common problems in the data center

Here are some of the most common issues in the data center, as follows:

1. Too many open floor floors: There is no reason to place open floor floors in hot aisles and blank areas. This will waste cooling capacity. It is also possible to place too many open floor panels in the air intake of the rack. The temperature at the top of the IT rack is below the normal temperature and is a dangerous sign.

2. Hidden leaks: Cold air leaks out of the space under the raised floor and enters adjacent spaces or support columns. Phelps said the leak was quite common and caused pressure losses in the IT environment, allowing hot, humid air or humid air to enter. The only way to avoid this problem is to check the perimeter and support columns under the raised floor and seal any holes you find.

3. Unsealed raised floor openings: Although many data center operators have struggled to seal other openings in cable openings and raised floors, few people have actually done the job. The remaining holes can cause a lot of cold air to escape into the area that is not needed. Electrical equipment such as power distribution units or remote power strips is a particularly important place to look for unsealed openings.

4. Temperature and humidity sensor scale is not accurate: Sometimes the supplier uses an uncalibrated sensor, and sometimes the scale becomes inaccurate over time. This will result in poorly managed cooling units not working together. Strong recommends that operators calibrate the temperature and relative humidity sensors every six months and make adjustments as necessary.

5. Poor rack layout: Ideally, you want to place the racks in a row according to heating/cooling, and place the main CRACs at each end of each row. Having a small rack and no specific direction does not help anyone. Whether it's arranging racks from the back to the rear, or making CRACs and IT lines in the same direction, it doesn't help.

6. The rack is not well sealed: placing the spare panel in the empty rack area is common knowledge of airflow management, but not everyone will do so. Some cabinets are not designed and are sealed between the mounting rail and the edge of the cabinet. Operators concerned with efficiency will seal those openings and potential openings at the bottom of the cabinet.

7. Let CRAC contain each other to control humidity: Another good way to pinch two CRACs to each other is to supply adjacent CRACs with circulating air at different temperatures. Therefore, the CRAC gets different humidity readings, one ending the humidification and the other drying the air. Solving this problem requires a clever understanding of the humidity map and the accurate setting of the humidity control points, Phelps said.

8. Idle space in the cabinet: This is another obvious factor, but for some reason it has not been taken seriously by everyone. When one or more cabinet spaces are left empty, the airflow balance will be disrupted, causing the exhaust gas to circulate into the cold aisle or to lose cold air in the cold aisle. This situation will result in excessive cooling and supply more than the actual air needed to compensate for the loss.

9. Things are rare: Many data center operators have preset excessive cooling capacity. If you have more cooling capacity than you need and you can't guarantee the safety of excess CRACs, then the entire cooling scheme will be compromised because too many units are inefficient. When the cooling temperature under the floor is high and some of the racks are difficult to be cooled, the operator's usual response is to run more cooling units. Contrary to counterintuitives, however, the correct approach should be to run fewer CRACs to reduce the load, Phelps said.

10. Cooling management has not received the attention it deserves: there is no expectation of improving the benefits of cooling management, which has caused operators to run aground and cost more to operate. Doing simple things like installing a spare panel can benefit you, but they are often overlooked. In extreme cases, a well-managed data center cooling system can even delay expansion or build new facilities.

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