Many people may think about this topic: it is clean and polluted. What do you want to say? Yes, electric vehicles are such a role. They are responsible for people's expectations of reducing carbon emissions and having a clean environment. At the same time, there are hidden dangers of environmental pollution and difficult to manage.
The explosive development of electric vehicles in recent years has won the appreciation of most people. It is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and can be easily integrated with the Internet of Things, that is, the Internet of Vehicles. It is full of future technology and is refreshing. But since the day it was born, it has been accompanied by controversy. Is it really so environmentally friendly?
It is believed that the environmental protection of electric vehicles is mainly based on the non-exhaust emission of electric vehicles and high energy efficiency. But different calculation calibers have different conclusions, and there are different voices at home and abroad. Take coal-fired power as an example: China's most advanced large-scale power plant has reached the world's advanced coal consumption, which is 314.5 grams of standard coal per kWh (data from China Electricity), that is, power generation efficiency is 39%. If the loss of power transmission and transformation is only the loss of the main line system, it is also 6.12% of the world's advanced level (data from the national grid). The charging efficiency of electric vehicles varies with different charging methods and seasons. For ease of calculation, the average level is 85%, and the efficiency of electric vehicle power inverter plus motor plus speed change device is about 85%. If this is the basis, the total energy efficiency of the electric car can be estimated to be 39% X (1-6.12%) X85% X85% = 26.4%. However, if the average energy consumption level of coal-fired power is considered to be 340 grams of standard coal per kWh, the conversion efficiency is 36.1%, and the line loss added to the mains network varies greatly, taking an average of 18%, the total energy efficiency of electric vehicles. It is 36.1% X82% X85% X85% = 21.4%. Although the factors considered in this calculation are not comprehensive, the efficiency of electric vehicles in different seasons and different working conditions is not taken into account, but the basic energy consumption of the comprehensive working conditions is not large except for the influence of winter heating.
Let's take Beiqi New Energy's EV200 electric car as an example to compare it with traditional cars and hybrid cars. According to the data of BAIC New Energy website, the power consumption of the comprehensive working condition is 15kWH, the equivalent energy is 15000X3600=5.4X107 joules, and the corresponding energy consumption is 5.4X107/24% (take the middle value)=2.25X108 joules, according to The calorific value of gasoline is 4.6X107 joules, equivalent to 4.9 liters of gasoline. This is similar to the similar Volkswagen Golf's comprehensive fuel consumption of 5.1 liters (data from FAW-Volkswagen), with an energy saving rate of less than 4%. Compared with the larger hybrid car Toyota Prius, the fuel consumption of 4.3 liters (data from FAW Toyota) increased by 13.9%. Of course, this is the result of coal-fired power generation. However, unfortunately, about 70% of China's electricity supply is still thermal power generation, and in the north, the proportion of thermal power is as high as 90%.
However, things are not over yet. Don't forget that there is one more important part of electric vehicles compared with fuel vehicles. That is the power battery. The pollution caused by the production and recycling of batteries cannot be ignored. Many people think that the pollution of lithium batteries for electric vehicles is less than the pollution of lead-acid batteries, but this is relative. Lithium batteries are less polluted than lead-acid batteries, but the electrolytes and electrodes (mainly ternary) Lithium) materials contain toxic chemicals or toxic metal substances. However, the total amount of lithium batteries is much less than that of lead-acid batteries. According to the data of the China Battery Association in 2013, the sales of lead-acid batteries were 117.7 billion yuan, and the lithium batteries were 59 billion yuan, considering the unit weight of lithium batteries. It is much higher than lead-acid batteries, so the total amount of lead-acid batteries is much larger than that of lithium batteries, which is the first source of current battery pollution. But don't forget that the total weight of the power battery is much larger than that of the lead-acid battery. Therefore, when the size of the electric vehicle reaches one million, the total weight of the power battery produced each year will reach hundreds of millions of kilograms, and the total amount will exceed Lead-acid batteries have become very impressive, and the problem of lithium battery pollution cannot be ignored. We must be prepared.
Having said that, I don't think we should develop electric cars. On the contrary, this is to make electric vehicles develop healthier. For this reason, we need to study more environmentally friendly batteries, cleaner and more efficient power generation methods, and better treatment methods for pollutants. This allows us to regain blue sky and white clouds, clear rivers, and harmless land.
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