For gold deposits, the industrial type of the deposit is called according to its industrial use value and practical significance, especially the industrial type classified according to the characteristics of the ore processing technology such as mining, mineral processing and smelting. The main basis for the classification of deposits is: the scale of the deposit, the shape of the ore body, the nature of the occurrence and surrounding rock, the beneficial and harmful components and content of the ore, the structure, structure and mineral symbiosis of the ore.
At present, there is no uniform standard for the classification of gold deposit industry types in China, and it is generally referred to the “rock (sand) gold geological survey specificationâ€.
Yanjin (Pulsation Gold) Deposit 1. Quartz vein type gold deposit is the main type of rock gold deposit, with wide distribution, large quantity and various occurrence conditions. It is an important industrial type of gold production in China.
The surrounding rocks are mainly metamorphic rocks and medium-acid magmatic rocks. Quartz veins are often grouped into zones, with pulse lengths ranging from a few meters to several kilometers, ranging in thickness from a few centimeters to tens of meters, generally ranging from a few tenths of a meter to a few meters, with lenticular and vein-like discontinuities along the fracture. Wall rock alteration due to different lithologies and different, a common silicification, chlorite, pyrite mineralization, sericite and so on. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite, chlorite, barite and the like; a metal mineral pyrite, followed by yellow copper ore, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, Aromatic sand, black tungsten ore, scheelite , magnetite, etc., gold is often associated with certain sulphide. The size of the deposit varies, and it is often composed of several ore deposits, forming an important gold-producing land.
According to the form of quartz, this deposit can be subdivided into: quartz single vein type gold deposit; quartz complex vein type gold deposit; quartz network vein type gold deposit.
2. The fractured altered rock type gold deposit is an important industrial type discovered in China in recent years, and its value is second to that of quartz vein type gold deposit. The surrounding rocks are medium-acid magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks, and mixed rocks. The ore body is strictly controlled by the fault structure and is produced in both large fault zones and small fault zones. The surrounding rock alteration is dominated by silicification. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz and sericite. The metal minerals are mainly pyrite. The ores are mostly fine veins, and the gold and sulfide are continuous. The ore body with high tectonic development has a large scale, ranging from several hundred meters to several thousand meters, and several meters to several tens of meters thick. The shape is relatively simple, and the deposits are mostly medium to large. For example, some gold deposits in the Zhaoping fault zone in Shandong Province It is a gold deposit of this type.
3. Fine vein-disseminated gold deposits Also known as porphyry-type or volcanic-type gold deposits, the surrounding rocks are dominated by medium-acid shallow immersion rocks, subvolcanic rocks and breccia. Ore bodies often occur in the top, side or beyond the edge of such rock mass into the surrounding rock, forming a pie-shaped, cylindrical, funnel-shaped irregular shape. The surrounding rock alterations are silicified and blue-plated; the dolomite, kaolin , and sericitization may occur due to different lithology. Common quartz and colloidal pyrite, the ratio of silver to gold is >1, the metal mineral is mainly pyrite, and there are a small amount of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite. The ore is mainly in the form of fine veins and breccia. Deposits range from small to very large, and this type is known as the Tuanjiegou gold deposit in Heilongjiang Province.
4. Quartz-calcite vein type gold deposit is a deposit produced in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic rocks or in the carbonate layer. The veins are composed of quartz and calcite. The silver content in the near-surface parts associated with volcanic rocks is often much higher than gold. The gangue minerals are chalcedony or low-temperature quartz, feldspar, opal, calcite; mineralization is extremely uneven, and the symbiotic relationship of metal minerals varies from simple to complex. The size of the deposits is mostly small and medium-sized, such as the Jinzi Zizizi gold deposit in Jilin Province and the Manjin deposit in Guangxi Province.
There are many types of gold deposits in foreign countries, such as Carlin, Homestack, and Lande. With the deepening of China's geological work, many different types of gold deposits have also been discovered.
Gold deposit
1. Riverbed gold deposit The deposit is distributed in the modern riverbed, and the ore body is layered, layered and banded along the riverbed. Gold is mainly concentrated in the gold-bearing layer at the bottom of the gravel layer. This type of gold deposit is mostly underwater, so the mining technology is more complicated. Shandong, Heilongjiang, Henan, Sichuan, Hunan and other places have output.
2. The river valley gold deposit The deposit is often distributed at the bottom of the floodplain, which is the product of the evolution of the riverbed gold deposit. The two are often closely symbiotic in the same mining area. Such deposits are generally large and stable in scale, and have a relatively uniform grade. They occupy an important position in the national economy and are important types and main exploration targets for gold deposits.
3. Mantan sand gold deposit The deposit is mainly produced in the middle and upper reaches of the larger river. The gold deposit is mainly concentrated in the upper part of the curved shoal in the sand bar or the meander. The gold particles are small and mostly flaky. There are such gold deposits in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and Heilongjiang River. Due to its low grade, fine grain size and difficult mining, it is not currently a major industrial type.
4. Zhigu gold deposit is produced in the valleys, gullies, and gullies of fine valleys, thin streams and intermittent water flows. The genesis are residual, slope, alluvial, alluvial and their transition types. Generally, there is no obvious boundary between the muddy sand layers, there are many clays in the gold-bearing layer, the sand gold is evenly distributed, the common large grain gold is buried, the burial is shallow, the water content is low, the grade is high, and it is easy to be mined. It is also the main mining type of sand gold, the scorpion of Heilongjiang, Such gold deposits are found in Huma and Mohe. In the evaluation of the river valley gold deposit, the Zhigu sand gold mine should also be evaluated.
5. Terraced gold deposits are mostly produced on terraces of river valleys. The causes are complex and small in scale, not the main mining targets.
6. Karst-filled gold deposit is a karst-bearing gold deposit with basal karst, produced in karst funnels and caves. There are alluvial, flooding or other causes. Such deposits are small and difficult to select, and such gold deposits have been found in Hunan and Sichuan.
7. Artificial sand gold mine (old tailings) Before the liberation and the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's mining technology was very backward. At that time, the tailings formed by various mines were piled into tailings ponds, some of which had high grades, most of which had industrial value. And the number is considerable, and it has not yet attracted enough attention.
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