Molybdenum is a silver gray refractory metal, mainly for steel industry, where the most compact form of molybdenum oxide was used directly in an industrial steel or cast iron, melted into small portions and then for molybdenum steel. Low-alloy steel has a molybdenum content of no more than 1%, but this consumption accounts for about 50% of molybdenum consumption. The addition of molybdenum to stainless steel improves the corrosion resistance of steel. The addition of molybdenum to the cast iron improves the strength and wear resistance of the iron. Nickel -based superalloys containing 18% molybdenum have high melting point, low density and low coefficient of thermal expansion, and are used in the manufacture of various high temperature parts for aerospace and aerospace. Metal molybdenum is widely used in electronic devices such as tubes, transistors, and rectifiers. Molybdenum oxide and molybdate are excellent catalysts in the chemical and petroleum industries. Molybdenum disulfide is an important lubricant used in the aerospace and machinery industries. Molybdenum is also one of the essential trace elements in the human body. The lack of molybdenum can cause kidney stones and dental caries. According to the Health Care article on page 544 of the Encyclopedia of China Science and Technology, “Molybdenum has special functions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer.â€
The United States, China and Chile are the world's three major molybdenum producing countries, with a total output of nearly 80% of the world's total output. The main importing countries are Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Belgium.
Molybdenum is a relatively late metal element that was extracted from the molybdenite by Swedish chemists in 1792. Because metal molybdenum has the advantages of high strength, high melting point, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like, it has been widely used in industry.
In the metallurgical industry, the production of molybdenum as the additive alloy, or tungsten, nickel, cobalt, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, rhenium and other advanced alloy composition to improve its high temperature strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Molybdenum-containing alloy steels are used in the manufacture of transportation equipment, locomotives, industrial machinery, and various instruments. Some 4% to 5% stainless steel containing molybdenum is used in the production of precision chemical instruments and equipment used in seawater environments. High speed steel with 4% to 9.5% can be used to manufacture high speed cutting tools. Alloys of molybdenum and nickel and chromium are used in the manufacture of metal parts for aircraft, corrosion-resistant parts on locomotives and automobiles. Alloys of molybdenum and tungsten, chromium and vanadium are used in the manufacture of alloy components and components for warships, tanks, guns, rockets, and satellites.
Metal molybdenum is widely used as a heating material and structural material for high-temperature electric furnaces, a large electrode and a gate of a vacuum tube, a semiconductor, and an electric light source material. Due to its small thermal neutron capture cross section and high durability, molybdenum can also be used as a structural material for nuclear reactors.
In the chemical industry, molybdenum is mainly used in lubricants, catalysts and pigments. Molybdenum disulfide has good lubricity under high temperature and high pressure due to its lamellar crystal structure and its surface chemistry. It is widely used as an additive for oils and greases. Molybdenum is a catalyst component in the desulfurization process of hydrogen and other petroleum refining processes, and is used in the redox reaction of ethanol, formaldehyde and oil-based chemicals. Molybdenum orange is an important pigment pigment. Molybdenum chemicals are widely used in dyes, inks, color precipitating dyes, and anticorrosive primers.
Molybdenum compounds are also widely used in agricultural fertilizers.
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