With the rapid growth of China's automobile production and possession, the problem of automobile exhaust pollution has become increasingly severe, and the pollution of automobile emissions to the atmosphere has become a public hazard. In order to deal with this outstanding problem, China has successively issued regulations on automobile emission standards in different phases. Starting from the control of the source of pollution, it has prompted automobile manufacturers to increase their emission levels in order to reduce the emission of harmful pollutants. In 2000, China began to implement the national I emission standards, upgraded to the national II emission standard in 2004, implemented the country III emission standard in 2008, and the automobile emission standards are increasingly strict.
In accordance with the national automobile pollutant discharge standards, China will implement the IV emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles and light vehicles from January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2010, respectively. Compared with the National III emission standards, the emission of pollutants from light-duty vehicles on the National IV emission standard has been reduced by 50%; the emissions from heavy-duty vehicles have been reduced by about 30%, and particulate emissions have been reduced by more than 80%.
The implementation of China's IV emission standards for motor vehicles is about to begin. However, there are doubts about the smooth implementation of the National IV standard in the industry. The main concerns include whether the fuel sulfur level meets the requirements for the use of tail gas aftertreatment devices; and whether the relevant post-processing products are fully prepared for production. Oil quality and supply situation; Urea infrastructure construction and supply issues.
To this end, the China Environmental Protection Industry Association’s Vehicle Pollution Prevention Committee (“CVECâ€) has conducted a study on the “Preparation of State-of-the-Art Vehicle IV Pre-Implementation Status and Recommendations for Motor Vehicles†in order to master the domestic vehicle, engine, and tail gas aftertreatment. The preparation of key spare parts industries such as fuel injection systems and turbocharger systems, oil products, urea, and other supporting industries, as well as the production capacity guarantee of related products and the adaptability of products to the current oil products, and proposed the national IV emission standards. The implementation date recommendations and safeguard measures provide reference for the implementation of the National IV emission standards by relevant government agencies.
Product technology and supply capabilities are basically met
At present, China's National IV emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines and tail gas after-treatment devices have basically matured. Products, technologies and production capacity of key component manufacturers such as light-duty, heavy-duty gasoline vehicle manufacturers, fuel injection systems, and exhaust gas aftertreatment systems can also be enabled. to satisfy the market's needs. However, the manufacturers of light diesel vehicles and exhaust gas after-treatment devices are not yet fully prepared for China IV products.
The Research Committee of the China Environmental Protection Industry Association's Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention and Control Committee on nearly 70 related companies in China covers heavy diesel and light diesel vehicles and engine manufacturers, exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, fuel injection systems, turbocharger systems, and urea supply companies. ,Concluded as follow:
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines: Since China released GB17691-2005 "Car Combustion Type, Gaseous Fuel Ignition Engine and Vehicle Exhaust Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods (China III, IV, V Phase)" standard in China, domestic heavy duty Diesel engine manufacturers actively invest in R&D to upgrade their products. Up to now, nearly 2,000 heavy-duty diesel engines have passed the State III environmental protection type approval, and nearly 130 National IV products have passed the environmental protection type approval, which meets the needs of some domestic cities, such as Beijing's implementation of the National IV emission regulations in advance.
In terms of production capacity, based on the output of 1.29 million heavy-duty diesel engines in 2008, it is expected that the market demand will reach 1.5 million units, 1.62 million units and 1.75 million units respectively in 2010-2012. Heavy-duty diesel engine exhaust after-treatment devices are mature, but due to uncertain policies, companies have not actively expanded production capacity. From 2010 to 2012, the system capacity gap in the urea injection system is based on a static measurement of the production balance of 300,000, 620,000 and 250,000 sets respectively, but once the implementation date is determined, after 6 to 12 months of expansion time, the capacity of each part It can fully meet the market demand.
Light diesel vehicles: Currently, 4 engines and 20 models of three production companies have passed the national IV environmental type approval, mainly using high pressure common rail + exhaust gas recirculation technology (EGR) + oxidation catalytic converter technology (DOC).
Domestic major light diesel engine production enterprises have already developed products of the State III and have already achieved mass production. At present, the State III light diesel vehicles approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection are mainly targeted at mid-to-high-end markets such as urban logistics, while products targeting low-end rural markets have not yet passed the State III environmental protection type approval. The preparation of China National IV products by light-duty diesel vehicle companies is currently insufficient. Most companies are still in the phase of R&D and matching of National IV products, and some companies do not have a national IV preparation plan.
In addition, the technology of fuel injection systems and turbocharging systems is mature, and the preparation of tail gas aftertreatment equipment manufacturers is not yet adequate. Domestic exhaust gas after-treatment system manufacturers have just started preparations for implementation of national IV standards for light-duty diesel vehicles. At present, they can only supply small-volume products to OEMs for matching and R&D work.
Lightweight, Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles: More than 200 models of National IV models and over a thousand of China IV models from over 140 light-duty gasoline vehicle manufacturers have passed environmental-friendly type approval and have sufficient production capacity. Judging from the feedback from the survey, the products of key components manufacturers, such as light gasoline engine manufacturers, fuel injection systems, and exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, can meet market demand. The emission control technology of the State IV heavy-duty gasoline engine is similar to that of the light-duty gasoline vehicle. The required emission control technology is mature and the production capacity is sufficient.
Give policy recommendations based on realistic issues
At present, the quality of domestic fuel oil products is uneven. China's national standards for low-sulfur automotive fuel are still in the process of formulation, and low-sulfur automotive fuels with a sulfur content of no more than 50ppm are still unable to be supplied nationwide for a relatively long period of time. According to relevant national standards, vehicle fuels with a sulfur content of no more than 150 ppm are supplied nationwide from January 1, 2010; vehicle diesel fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 350 ppm has been supplied nationwide since July 1, 2011 (GB19147- 2009). From January 1, 2010, some areas began to supply vehicle diesel with sulfur content of not more than 350ppm. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou implemented the standards in advance. The city has or will soon supply vehicle fuel with a sulfur content of not more than 50ppm, but it is on a national level. In view of this, the supply of fuel for low-sulphur vehicles cannot still be inconsistent with the implementation date of the National IV standard.
Regarding the problem that the fuel sulfur content cannot meet the national IV standard, the “Research and Suggestions on the Preparation Status of the National IV Emission Standard for Motor Vehicles†also gives relevant recommendations. For example, the IV emission of heavy-duty diesel vehicles mainly uses high-pressure common rail/monomer pump + selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust gas after-treatment technology. The experience of the European Union, the United States, and China shows that heavy-duty diesel engine IV products using SCR technology are used to treat diesel sulfur. The content is not very sensitive. Many diesel engines and exhaust aftertreatment devices can still work normally when using diesel fuel with a sulfur content of not more than 350ppm over a long period of time. However, particulate emissions are somewhat higher than when using low sulfur diesel. Taking into account the lag in the overall supply time of vehicle diesel fuel throughout the country, the study recommended that the country's III heavy-duty diesel vehicles (engines) cease registration and sales from July 1, 2011, ie, be implemented half a year later than the deadline set by national standards. .
Similarly, due to the late implementation of light diesel vehicle III standards, most companies have just started to engage in the research and development of the National IV products, and the development time is relatively short. Since the emission system of the National IV light diesel vehicle mainly adopts three technical routes of EGR+DOC, EGR+POC, and EGR+DPF, in principle, these technologies require the use of low sulfur diesel with a sulfur content of no more than 50ppm to fully meet the national IV emission standards (including durability). Sexual test) requirements. The survey found that light diesel vehicles produced by companies with higher engine technology levels use EGR+DOC emission control technology and can also adapt to 350 ppm sulfur-content diesel. However, the development period of the light diesel engine needs 18 months, and it will take time to perfect the exhaust gas after-treatment technology for 350 ppm sulfur content. Therefore, it is recommended that the implementation time of the National IV light-duty diesel vehicles be appropriately delayed compared with the national standards. However, the areas where conditions are available can still be implemented on schedule.
However, when the National IV light-duty gasoline vehicles use gasoline with a sulfur content of 150ppm or less over a long period of time, although the emission of pollutants will increase by a certain amount compared with the use of low-sulfur gasoline, the engine and exhaust gas after-treatment devices can basically work normally.
Moreover, the state-of-the-art IV heavy-duty gasoline engine technology is mature. Therefore, it is recommended that Type III heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (engines) stop the type approval from July 1, 2011, and cease registration and sales from July 1, 2012, ie, the national standard. The date specified in the “Limits and Measurement Methods for Heavy Duty Gasoline Engines and Vehicle Exhaust Pollutants†(GB14762-2008) can be implemented one year ahead of schedule.
Put forward safeguard measures for the implementation of national IV standards
The implementation of the National IV Standard is a systematic project that involves a wide range of areas and requires strong safeguards to ensure that new vehicles that technically meet the National IV standard can meet the emission standards throughout their life cycle. Therefore, the Automotive Pollution Prevention Committee of the China Environmental Protection Industry Association recommends that all relevant departments work together to carry out the following tasks:
To promote low-sulfur fuels, encourage taxation of petroleum and petrochemical companies to produce high-quality, low-sulfur fuels through tax incentives and higher prices for better quality. Experience at home and abroad shows that although the implementation of China IV standards does not necessarily require the simultaneous supply of low-sulfur fuel, it is still necessary to provide 50 ppm sulfur-bearing low-sulfur fuel to fully realize the environmental benefits of the National IV standard and automotive technology upgrades.
Formulate national standards for automotive urea solutions as soon as possible, strengthen access control for vehicle urea production enterprises, product quality management, and quickly formulate and implement policies and measures such as circulation management, and vigorously promote the establishment of a one-stop supply infrastructure for oil and vehicle urea.
Strengthen the consistency inspection of new vehicles and the compliance supervision of vehicles. Since most of the heavy-duty IV diesel vehicles need to add vehicle urea during use, the automotive catalytic converters also need sufficient precious metals to ensure their emission durability. Despite the OBD technology, it cannot prevent the occurrence of cheating. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the supervision of new vehicles and in-use vehicles, form a fair production and consumption environment, and ensure the implementation of the National IV standard.
Formulate fiscal and tax incentives to encourage the production and consumption of national IV emission standards. It is possible to speed up the elimination of old high-emission vehicles through regulatory scrapping and subsidy standards, as well as financial subsidies or tax incentives for manufacturers of IV-standard cars in the producing countries or consumers of the country IV-standard cars.
In addition, it is proposed to establish a technical expert consultation team for the implementation of the National IV Standard to assist in tracking and supervising the implementation of the National IV Standard, and to cooperate with the government, industry, and enterprises to improve communications, promote the continuous improvement of oil quality, and guide enterprises to develop cleaner emission control technologies. , And timely assessment of the environmental improvement benefits of the implementation of the country IV standards to ensure that the motor vehicle country IV standards are effectively implemented.
Insiders Express Their Views on State IV
Industry insiders are very concerned about the implementation of the National IV emission standards and have published opinions and suggestions on the preparation of the National IV.
Zhang Xiao, manager of the diesel system department at Wuxi Bosch Automotive Diesel Systems Co., Ltd., believes that there are several major changes to diesel engines from State II to State III: from mechanical to electronically controlled fuel injection systems, turbocharged and medium-duty Cold intake systems, optimised fuel tanks, etc. The main change from State III to State IV is the addition of post-processing systems. Therefore, from the technical point of view, from country II to country III is a qualitative change, and from country III to country IV is a continuous progress and development. At present, the mainstream technology route of the National IV heavy-duty diesel vehicle is SCR technology. From the point of view of test and vehicle operation, the SCR technology route can adapt to fuels with sulfur content of 350ppm. This technical route is also more suitable for China's national conditions.
Regarding light diesel vehicles, Zhang Xiao believes that the National IV light-duty diesel vehicles have certain characteristics. Because SCR technology is limited by the layout of the vehicle, EGR+DOC/POC is generally used. The use of 350 ppm sulphur-laden diesel has no effect on the fuel injection system, but the post-treatment system is still somewhat sensitive to sulphur 350 ppm. Wang Jiaming, deputy general manager of Wuxi Weifu Lida Catalytic Converter Co., Ltd., said that currently China's national IV light diesel vehicles have fewer vehicles certified. Some companies with strong technological capabilities are developing state-of-the-art light diesel models. However, these models have also been developed based on the use of 50 ppm diesel fuel. The use of 350 ppm sulphur fuel oil has greater wear on the EGR system, reducing its durability.
For light-duty gasoline vehicles, Xu Daquan, general manager of Beijing Delphi Wanyuan Engine Management System Co., Ltd., said that the upgrade of light-duty petrol vehicles from country II to country III is mainly an increase in OBD, which is also a qualitative leap, but from country III to The main difference between China IV is the optimization of control systems and catalyst formulations.
Corning (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and BASF Catalyst (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. are major suppliers of post-processing key components in China. Xie Jiliang and Zhou Jingkang from the two companies stated that after-treatment system companies have already completed heavy-duty diesel engines. Technical Preparation and Production Preparation for Light Gas Vehicle Upgrade Country IV. It is hoped that the country will make clear the implementation time as soon as possible, so that enterprises will have sufficient time to actively prepare. At the same time, it is hoped that relevant departments will adopt strong regulatory safeguards to ensure the smooth implementation of the National IV Standard and bring more environmental benefits to the society.
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