My name is lithium, and I’m ranked third in the periodic table.

My name is lithium, and I am the third in the periodic table. Niche, naughty, I am a sci-fi darling, but also a rock family. It is my achievement to heal the sick and appease the world. After reading the story, I hope you enjoy my fun like the author Lithium Li.

1. Lithium is one of the first three elements in the universe that are born and stable (the other two are hydrogen and helium). After the birth of the universe, æ°¦-4 and æ°¦-3 reacted rapidly to form lithium-6 and lithium-7. Since this period of time called the initial nuclear synthesis is extremely short, no element heavier than lithium is born.

2. Lithium, the English name for lithium, comes from the Greek lithos, meaning "stone." This is because it is the first alkali metal found in minerals. In 1817, the Swedish chemist Johann Arfvedson discovered this element when he analyzed the feldspar feldspar mine. The two alkali metals discovered before, potassium comes from the ash, and sodium is enriched in the blood of animals, so his teacher Jöns Jakob Berzelius gave the name this new element, indicating its uniqueness. source.

3. Lithium ion (Li+) is an emotional stabilizer that is widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, a disease that is recurrent in manic and depressed states. Lithium also enhances the effects of other antidepressants when used in depression. Like sildenafil, the discovery of the efficacy of lithium for mental illness is also a model of "unintentional willows." In 1949, Australian doctor John Cade was preparing to explore the relationship between bipolar disorder and uric acid. At the time, uric acid was also thought to be associated with a range of mental illnesses. Due to the low solubility of uric acid in water, he chose lithium urate, a water-soluble urate for animal experiments. It was found that animals that had received lithium urate became quiet and tame. After further research, Kade discovered that only lithium ions are working. Lithium officially began to enter the clinical application of psychiatry.

4. Because lithium has emotional stability, it has also become a symbol, sought after by popular culture. Many songs are related to lithium, such as Evanescence's "Lithium", Nirvana's "Lithium", James Morrison's "Lithium", Sting's "Lithium Sunset", Sirenia's "Lithium and a Lover", Beneath the Massacre's "Lithium Overdose" "and many more. However, lithium itself has a large side effect, please be sure to follow the doctor's advice, and must not blindly follow the trend. (On the emotional connection between emotional disorders and artistic creation, continue reading "Depression is about creation, is it a curse or a gift?").

5. North American coyotes have always been a big problem for farmers. In order for the wolf to live in peace with the sheep, lithium chloride (LiCl) is required to appear. This kind of substance will cause the wolf to have a series of discomfort such as vomiting, diarrhea and thirst. I believe that they will never want to have a second time after they have tasted it once. People put lithium chloride in the mutton and deliberately let the wolf eat it in the wild. Gradually, the coyotes are far from the taste of the lamb, and the attack on the flock is greatly reduced.

6. In Star Trek, the spacecraft of the spacecraft traveling at super-light speed has to use the Dilithium ore crystal. Dilithium is capable of controlling matter-antimatter reactions at high temperatures and high electromagnetic fields. Only a few stars in the Milky Way have two lithium mines, so this is a rare and precious resource. In real life, Dilithium does exist, referring to molecules in which two lithium atoms are covalently bonded.

7. Look at the 3C products around you. Lithium is everywhere. Lithium has a small atomic weight, so lithium batteries have a high energy density. A narrowly defined lithium battery refers to a disposable battery using lithium or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium batteries were first used in pacemakers and now occupy every corner of life. The rechargeable battery on an electronic device is a lithium-ion battery (LIB) that operates by moving lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. The two-stage sponge-like structure is capable of releasing or receiving lithium ions. On top of this, a lithium ion polymer battery was developed, using a colloidal polymer as an electrolyte. Now, people are developing lithium-air batteries that may power vehicles.

(About lithium batteries, there are still many misunderstandings. Lithium-ion batteries do not need to be activated. In order to reduce the number of charging, deliberately recharging the battery and not extending the life of the lithium-ion battery, but has a negative impact. See "Charging Mistakes" That thing" article)

8. The abundance of lithium in the earth's crust is not very low, along with cobalt and nickel in 32 positions. However, it is difficult to find a more concentrated lithium mine with mining value. Chile, China, and Argentina all have more reserves of lithium, but they are all eclipsed by the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, South America. These white pearls on the Andean highlands contain about half of the world's lithium reserves. As lithium plays a vital role in the current and future electronics industries, it may be a strong engine for the economic development of this poor country.

9. If you want to collect your own "lithium", in addition to disassembling a lithium battery, you can also choose a variety of lithium-containing minerals, such as the gem-quality Spodumene, or the trendy Sugilite. . The most Geek collection is a mineral from Serbia called Jadarite. Because of its composition, sodium lithium borosilicate, it is exactly the same as the kryptonite mentioned in Superman Returns. This ore is not like a green light in a movie, but a white powder.

Top left: Two variants of spodumene - purple spodumene has a favorite reddish or lavender, and emerald spodumene has an emerald-like color. Bottom left: Su Ji Shi usually has a purple color. Like the chalcedony, it is an opaque to translucent silicate mineral. Right: The meteorite stone mentioned in "The Return of Superman"

10. Want to taste the taste of lithium? You can travel to the United States in the first half of the last century to buy a bottle of "7-up" (7Up). Many of the early beverages contained pharmaceutical ingredients, and Coca-Cola contained caffeine, and Qixi contained the protagonist of this article, the sedative lithium citrate. If you don't want to be so tossed, you can also go to the world to taste Lithia water, such as Lithia Park in Ashland, Oregon, or Lithia Springs, Georgia. There is no lack of research to analyze the health benefits of lithium. A survey in the Oita area of ​​Japan found that communities with higher levels of lithium in drinking water have lower suicide rates.

Reference materials:

[1] Wiki: lithium, Lithium_pharmacology, Lithia_water, lithium battery

[2] Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Davis P, et al. (2006). Decreased risk of suicides and attempts during long-term lithium treatment: A meta-analytic review. Bipolar Disorders, 8: 625-639.

[3] Gustavson CR, Kelly DJ, Sweeney M. (1976). Prey-lithium aversions. I: coyotes and wolves. Behavioral Biology, 17(1): 61-72.

[4] Ohgami H, Terao T, Shiotsuki I, et al. (2009). Lithium levels in drinking water and risk of suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 194: 464-465.