Recently, researchers at K-State of the United States have developed a new technology to produce ultra-light graphene airgel with complex microstructure. Researchers hope this new technology will open up new uses for such materials.
So-called aerogels are low-density materials with a spongy structure. It can be used for many important purposes, such as thermal and light insulators. Of particular interest to researchers is the combination of graphene and airgel with some of the special properties such as high compressibility, high electrical conductivity and what has been touted as the potential for damping structures, solid state batteries and Catalyst and other purposes.
Although many people think of 3D printing as a promising method for making complex structures using graphene airgel materials for these applications. But actually it is far from simple. "To be able to do 3D printing you need to change the viscosity of graphene first because it's really high," says Dr. Lin Dong of Kansas State University.
Traditionally, to print graphene airgel structures, researchers have tended to mix graphene with polymers or silicon first and then use inkjet printers to extrude these graphene blends at room temperature or elevated temperatures. Subsequently, the polymer or silicon is removed by combustion or chemical processes, but this may damage the structure of the airgel. In addition, this layered printing technology is difficult to create complex structures like suspended solids. Due to their hierarchical structure, 3D printed airgel also tends to result in poorer physical properties of the material.
They mixed graphene oxide with water and then 3D-printed it on a surface at minus 25 degrees Celsius. So that every layer printed out will be frozen, and then printed with ice support the next layer. Moreover, they found that when these graphene oxide suspensions were deposited onto a frozen structure, the unfrozen material thawed the already frozen surface causing the layers to freely mix and re-freeze between layers, forming hydrogen bonds and Improved airgel structure integrity. In addition, they can also create complex structures by using a second 3D printer nozzle filled with pure water, because water forms an ice support, on the basis of which they can deposit graphene oxide suspensions.
Finally, the resulting airgel is freeze-dried in liquid nitrogen to remove moisture, which is then heated to form an airgel. According to this technique, researchers are able to create aerogels with densities in the range of 0.5 to 10 milligrams per cubic centimeter and which have good electrical conductivity and high compressibility. Now, researchers hope to further study whether their multi-nozzle approach can create airgel structures using multiple materials.
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