As of September 2014, the market for new energy buses in China has exceeded 15,000 vehicles. With the upgrading of technology upgrade products, the coexistence of multiple models and multiple sets of systems is widely existing in China's new energy bus market. According to the survey, some bus companies with new energy buses totaling 200-300 units have more than 10 electric drive systems. This status quo brings inconvenience to the user's entire operation and maintenance.
How to solve the worries of bus companies and realize the seamless connection of new energy product upgrades has become the future direction of product development and market services for bus companies. In this regard, Liu Ling, chief electric engineer of the CSR Times, told the New Energy Automotive Network that under the premise of zero emission exploration, pure electric drive technology is changing with each passing day. Exploring the new energy storage system configuration and effective combination with the charging mode to achieve technical standardization in the drive system and control system should be the key to upgrading the new energy bus product.
In 2012, China promulgated the development plan for the new energy automobile industry, and further clarified the purely electric drive as the core technical route. The plan stated that the pure electric drive is the main strategic orientation for the development of new energy vehicles and the transformation of the automobile industry. Currently, the industrialization of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles is the focus of the industry.
As we all know, the traditional plug-in vehicle model is based on the original hybrid power, through the increase of battery or battery capacity expansion to achieve plug-in effect. So, how can the plug-in configuration and pure electrics remain compatible and seamlessly connected?
Liu Ling told reporters that the essence of pure electric drive consists of three basic components: energy unit, control assembly and transmission assembly, in which the control and transmission assembly can be completely standardized, just like the engine and transmission, although there are different manufacturers And products, but basically interchangeable and compatible with each other, this will help the industry scale bigger and stronger. The energy unit can explore various combinations. We should not limit the structural differentiation of the drive, but should focus on the efficiency of the energy unit.
Based on the simplified pure electric drive of the control assembly and the drive train, the addition of the APU makes it possible to create an extended-range plug-in, which, in addition to the battery, becomes purely electric. Then, in the product development stage, the drive and control unit can be completely unified or standardized. In this way, by making some corresponding changes in the energy unit, the vehicle can be upgraded continuously. That is, by changing the energy system to form a product upgrade.
Then, can the electric drive system of the new energy bus adopt standard cutting as the transmitter and gearbox of the traditional car, and can be replaced with any other option? Liu Ling stated that through the development of technology, the electric system is simplified, standardized, and more versatile. Strong, easy-to-use industrial-scale mass production is the trend of the future, and the seamless connection of pure electric drive product upgrades, the key lies in standardization.
CSR Times electric pure electric drive technology platform is the application of a standardized universal platform, plus a flexible configuration of a variety of different energy systems, including different types of energy cells such as slow-charged batteries, can form different operating modes.
Since 2002, CSR Times has successively launched three generations of pure electric vehicle-driven products, among which a pure electric passenger car was launched in 2003. At that time, the pure electric drive system of CSR Times Electric had been applied to China's first fuel cell bus and the first new energy bus in Hunan Province. The CSR Electric Era New Energy Vehicle was opened.
In 2007, CSR Times Electric applied the results of more than 10 863 projects to the Beijing Asian Games in Guangzhou Asian Games and the Shanghai World Expo. The CSR Times electric pure electric drive system began to gain popularity.
In 2014, CSR Times Electric achieved breakthroughs of “Double 1000†in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Hunan, and sold more than 1,000 vehicles and sold more than 1,000 system products. Recently, we have also developed the fourth-generation pure electric drive system "ePowerIV", which has undergone a comprehensive upgrade of the original system. Product reliability and overall performance have been greatly improved.
The fourth-generation pure electric drive system has five major advantages, namely, the system weight is reduced by more than 10%, the vehicle energy consumption is reduced by 5-10%, and the climbing ability of the whole vehicle is significantly improved, and it can meet all domestic urban public traffic conditions and all high pressures. The IP67 protection of the components, good wading performance, and the use of the "Cloud-Zhitong" information real-time monitoring and management system are typical examples of the electric vehicle new generation high-efficiency pure electric buses in the CSR era.
Pyrimidine series intermediates
Pyrimidine, also known as 1,3-diazepine, is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. Pyrimidine is formed by replacing 2 carbons in the meta-position of benzene with 2 nitrogen atoms, and is a diazine. Like pyridine, pyrimidine retains its aromaticity.
Introduction
Name: Pyrimidine
Molecular formula: C4H4N2
Molar mass: 80.09 g/mol
Density: 1.016 g/ml
Melting point: 20 - 22 °C
Boiling point: 123 - 124 °C
CAS Number: 289-95-2
EINECS Number: 206-026-0
SMILES: C1=NC=NC=C1
Application
(1) Anticancer drugs. In the selection of anticancer substances, it is crucial that there are significant differences between tumor tissues and normal tissues, that is, they have a certain ability to recognize target cells. Porphyrin compounds have special affinity for cancer cells due to their unique structures, and they can selectively stay in cancer tissues. The research of it as a localizing agent and a drug for diagnosis and treatment of cancer has already aroused great interest of chemists, medical scientists and biologists. 5-Fluorouracil is a widely used anti-metabolite and anti-tumor drug in clinic. It has inhibitory effect on various tumors. It has good clinical effect in the treatment of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer and other cancers. Polyesters, polyester hydrocarbons, polyester amides, deoxyribonucleic acid, furans, 5-fluorouracil derivatives linked to nitroxide radicals all have antitumor effects.
(2) Anti-AIDS drugs. Viral diseases have become one of the most harmful diseases to human beings, especially the spread of AIDS, which has aroused widespread concern. There are many kinds of anti-AIDS drugs that have been approved by the US Food Administration (FDA), many of which are nucleoside compounds. In order to reduce the toxicity of drugs and improve their efficacy, scientists have begun to turn their attention to the study of non-nucleoside compounds, and such compounds have become the focus of antiviral drug research.
Synthetic method
Pyrimidines and various substituted pyrimidines are synthesized in a variety of ways. For example, barbituric acid (2,4,6-trihydroxypyrimidine) can be obtained by the condensation of urea and diethyl malonate under the action of sodium alkoxide. Barbituric acid and phosphorus oxychloride are heated together to obtain 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine, which reacts with sodium methoxide to obtain trimethoxypyrimidine. Chloropyrimidines react with ammonia or primary and secondary amines to generate the corresponding aminopyrimidines. The derivatives of pyrimidine, cytosine, uracil and thymine, are the constituent parts of nucleic acid and deoxynucleic acid, and the pyrimidine part in the vitamin B1 molecule is a 4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidine methyl group. Many oral long-acting sulfa drugs are derivatives of pyrimidine and its isomers.
The 2,4-dichloropyrimidine is prepared by reduction reaction in the presence of palladium, magnesium oxide and activated carbon.
Pyrimidine Series Intermediates,2-Chloro-5-Methylpyrimidine,5-Bromo-2-chloropyrimidine,2 4-Dichloro-5-Methylpyrimidine
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