The replacement of traditional incandescent lamps by LED lighting has become a reality, and the LED lighting industry has been greatly developed in recent years. According to this week's electronic industry research report released by CITIC Securities on July 9, there are concerns that LED lighting will enter the off-season in the third quarter. However, professional analysts believe that LED lighting will continue to grow in the third quarter, and LED lighting is on the rise. Unchanged, from the sales point of view, it is still at the level of 20, only seasonal reasons make the growth rate temporarily slow down, and the 4Q growth rate is about to rebound rapidly. In addition, the recent rise of the concept of intelligent lighting has made LED lighting more popular. The basic principle of the intelligent lighting system is that the user commands the terminal module (including the mobile terminal), transmits the signal to the control center software through electronic induction, and adjusts the voltage and current amplitude of the circuit by the controller, thereby regulating the intensity and color of the light source. . The entire system can be divided into intelligent lighting control systems, digital addressable LED drivers, lamps and light sources. A typical intelligent lighting system is to complete the transfer from the data command from the input to the output. The user can transmit data to the main controller (gateway) through various input methods (control software, sensors, smart sockets, etc.), and then the main controller realizes the output terminal (LED downlight, LED panel light through the network protocol such as ZigBee). )control. The biggest difference between LED lighting and traditional lighting, LED lighting is a complete electronic product, and traditional lighting is only an electrical product. Therefore, LED lamps can be easily associated with various types of sensors, thereby achieving various automatic control functions such as light control and infrared control. For example, the automatic switch of LED street light can be easily realized by a photosensitive sensor; community night walkway and courtyard lighting can use infrared sensors to collect human activity information and automatically open and close lighting fixtures. LED lighting switch automatic control sensor as a signal acquisition and electromechanical conversion device, its electromechanical technology is quite mature, in recent years, the rise of MEMS technology and the sensor technology to miniaturization, intelligent, multi-functional, low-cost stepping forward . Various types of sensors, such as photosensitive sensors and infrared sensors, can be combined with LED lighting fixtures to form an intelligent control system. The sensors convert various collected physical quantity signals into electrical signals, which can be integrated into the AD converter, MCU, and DA. The converter intelligently processes the acquired signals to control the opening and closing of the LED lighting fixtures. Humans can set various control requirements on the MCU to control the switching time, brightness, color rendering, and colorful changes of the LED lights, thereby achieving the goal of saving energy and saving energy. The current integrated circuit manufacturing technology has been able to integrate AD, DA, and MCU in a 5X5mm or smaller package, and it is convenient to install in the luminaire. Photosensitive sensor and LED lamp combination Wind-photoelectric LED street lamp is a highly intelligent and unattended road lighting fixture. It uses wind power, sunlight to generate electricity, and uses battery to store energy. Therefore, automatic energy management is very important. Photosensitive sensor is an ideal electronic sensor that can control the automatic switching of the circuit due to changes in illumination during dawn and sunrise (sunrise, sunset). The photosensor plate of the photosensor is very sensitive to the brightness of the light. Photosensitive sensor can automatically control the opening and closing of LED lighting in shopping malls according to weather, time zone and region. Reduce power consumption by reducing its output power during bright daylight, and a convenience store with a store area of ​​200m2 can reduce power consumption by 53 compared to when using fluorescent lamps. The life span is also about 5.1 million hours. Under normal circumstances, the life of LED lighting fixtures is about 40,000 hours; the color of the illuminating light can also adopt the RGB colorful and changing way, which makes the shopping malls more colorful and more active; and the original blue LEDs with the phosphor used Compared with purple LEDs with red, green and blue phosphors, the color rendering is higher. Infrared sensor and LED lamp combination Infrared sensor works by detecting infrared rays emitted by the human body. The main principle is that the infrared light emitted by the human body is about 10um and is enhanced by the Fresnel filter lens to the pyroelectric element PIR. When the person moves, the emission position of the infrared radiation changes, and the component loses the charge balance. The pyroelectric effect releases the charge outward, and the infrared sensor (PIR) converts the change of the infrared radiation energy through the Fresnel filter lens into an electrical signal, that is, thermoelectric conversion. When there is no human body moving in the detection area of ​​the passive infrared detector, the infrared sensor senses only the background temperature. When the human body enters the detection area, the pyroelectric lens senses the human body temperature through the Fresnel lens. The difference in background temperature, after the signal is collected, is compared with the existing detection data in the system to determine whether an artificial infrared source or the like enters the detection area. Passive infrared sensors have three key components: Fresnel filter lenses, pyroelectric infrared sensors (PIR) and matched low noise amplifiers. The Fresnel lens has two functions: one is the focusing effect, which is to refract the pyroelectric infrared signal on the PIR: the other is to divide the detection area into several bright and dark areas, so that the moving object (person) entering the detection area A modified pyroelectric infrared signal can be produced on the PIR in the form of a temperature change. It is also generally matched with a low-noise amplifier. When the ambient temperature on the detector rises, especially when it is close to the normal body temperature (37 °C), the sensitivity of the sensor decreases, and the gain is compensated by it to increase its sensitivity. The output signal can be used to drive an electronic switch to achieve switching control of the LED lighting circuit. An E27 standard screw base lamp, its power supply range is AC180V-250V (50/60Hz), infrared sensor detection range is about 3M15M, its standard product IFS-Bulb3W lamps up to 80lm, 5W lamps up to 140lm. The central part of the LED light source module is embedded with an infrared sensor. Once the infrared sensor detects the person's temperature, the LED bulb will automatically turn on and off within 50 seconds. Suitable for any indoor application such as corridors, storage rooms, stairs and entrance to the lobby. Ultrasonic sensors similar to infrared sensor applications have found more applications in the automatic detection of moving objects in recent years. The ultrasonic sensor mainly uses the Doppler principle to emit a high-frequency ultrasonic wave that is more than the human body can perceive through the crystal oscillator. Generally, a 25 to 40 kHz wave is selected, and then the control module detects the frequency of the reflected back wave. If there is object motion in the region, the reflection The wave frequency will have a slight fluctuation, that is, the Doppler effect, in order to determine the movement of the object in the illumination area, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the switch. Figure 8 is an application of a combination of an ultrasonic sensor and a microprocessor. The longitudinal oscillation characteristics of ultrasonic waves can propagate in gases, liquids, and solids, and their propagation speeds are different. It also has refraction and reflection phenomena. It propagates in air at a lower frequency and decays faster, but decays in solids and liquids. Smaller and spread farther. Ultrasonic sensors take advantage of these characteristics of ultrasound. Ultrasonic sensors have a large sensitivity range, no visual blind spots, and no interference from obstacles. This technology has been used in commercial and security fields for more than 25 years and has proven to be the most effective method for detecting small object motion. Therefore, the system with the LED luminaire can be sensitive to the control switch. Due to the high sensitivity of the ultrasonic sensor, the vibration of the air vibration, ventilation heating and cooling system and the surrounding space will cause the ultrasonic sensor to trigger falsely, so the ultrasonic sensor needs to be calibrated in time. Table 1 is a comparison of the performance of the infrared PIR sensor and the ultrasonic sensor. Temperature sensor for over-temperature protection of LED lamps Temperature sensor NTC for over-temperature protection of LED lamps has been widely used earlier. LED lamps such as high-power LED light sources, must use multi-wing aluminum radiators, because the LED lighting itself for indoor lighting is small, heat dissipation is still one of the biggest technical bottlenecks. If the LED lamp is not cool, it will lead to early light decay of the LED light source due to overheating. After the LED lamp is turned on, the heat will be enriched to the lamp head due to the automatic rise of the hot air, which affects the life of the power source. Therefore, when designing the LED lamp, an NTC can be closely attached to the LED light source close to the LED light source, so as to collect the temperature of the lamp in real time, and the circuit can automatically reduce the output current of the constant current source when the temperature of the aluminum heat sink of the lamp cup rises. The lamp is cooled; when the temperature of the aluminum cup radiator of the lamp cup rises to the limit set value, the LED power supply is automatically turned off to realize the over-temperature protection of the lamp. When the temperature is lowered, the lamp is automatically turned on again. Just because LED luminaires are a complete electronic product, with the diversification of LED luminaires and the expansion of applications, with the more creativity and innovation of LED lighting design, more sensors will be combined in LED lighting and Light up the engineering system. A new era of intelligent LED lighting is coming, and human lighting life will become more and more bright and comfortable.
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