Forklifts play a very important role in the logistics system of enterprises, and they are the main force in material handling equipment. Especially with the rapid development of China's economy, the material handling of most enterprises has been separated from the original manual handling, replaced by the mechanized handling of forklifts. Therefore, in the past few years, the demand for the Chinese forklift market has grown at a double-digit rate every year.
At present, there are many brands of forklifts available on the market, the models are complex, and the products themselves are technically strong and very professional. Therefore, the choice of models and the choice of suppliers are the problems that many purchase companies often face. This article focuses on vehicle selection, brand selection, and performance evaluation criteria.
First, the model and configuration required for the vehicle selection industry.
1, model classification forklifts can usually be divided into three categories: internal combustion forklifts, electric forklifts and storage forklifts.
(1) Internal combustion forklifts Internal combustion forklifts are divided into ordinary internal combustion forklifts, heavy forklifts, container forklifts and side forklifts.
1 Ordinary internal combustion forklifts generally use diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas engines as the power, the load capacity is 1.2 to 8.0 tons, and the working channel width is generally 3.5 to 5.0 meters. Usually, it is used in outdoor and workshops in consideration of exhaust emissions and noise problems. Or other places where there are no special requirements for exhaust emissions and noise. Thanks to the easy fuel replenishment, it can be used for long periods of continuous operation and is capable of working in harsh environments such as rain.
2 Heavy-duty forklifts use diesel engines as the power, with a carrying capacity of 10.0-52.0 tons, which is generally used for outdoor operations in heavy cargo terminals such as docks and steel.
3 Container forklifts use diesel engines as the power, bearing capacity of 8.0 ~ 45.0 tons, generally divided into empty container stacker, heavy box stacker and container front crane. Used in container handling, such as container yards or port terminals.
4 The side forklift is powered by a diesel engine with a load capacity of 3.0 to 6.0 tons. In the case of no turning, it has the ability to fork goods directly from the side, so it is mainly used to fork long strips of goods, such as wood strips, steel bars and so on.
(2) Electric forklifts are powered by electric motors, and batteries are energy sources. The carrying capacity is 1.0 to 4.8 tons, and the working channel width is generally 3.5 to 5.0 meters. Because it has no pollution and low noise, it is widely used in industries with high environmental requirements, such as medicine and food. Since each battery generally needs to be recharged after about 8 hours of operation, a spare battery is required for the multi-shift operation.
(3) Warehouse forklift The warehouse forklift is mainly a forklift designed for cargo handling in the warehouse. Except for a few warehouse forklifts (such as manual pallet forklifts), which are powered by humans, others are driven by electric motors, which are widely used in the warehousing industry due to their compact body, flexible movement, light weight and good environmental performance. Motor-driven warehouse forklifts require a spare battery for multiple shifts.
1 Electric pallet handling forklift capacity is 1.6 ~ 3.0 tons, the working channel width is generally 2.3 ~ 2.8 meters, the fork lifting height is generally about 210mm, mainly used for horizontal handling and cargo handling in the warehouse. There are two modes of walking and standing driving, which can be selected according to efficiency requirements.
2 Electric pallet stacker forklift has a load capacity of 1.0 to 1.6 tons, and the working channel width is generally 2.3 to 2.8 meters. The structure is more than the electric pallet handling forklift. The lifting height of the fork is generally within 4.8 meters, mainly used for warehouses. Stacking and loading and unloading of goods inside.
3 The forward-moving forklift has a load capacity of 1.0 to 2.5 tons. The gantry can be moved forward or retracted as a whole. The width of the working channel is generally 2.7-3.2 meters when retracting, and the lifting height can be up to 11 meters. It is often used in medium heights in warehouses. Stacking and picking up operations.
4 Electric picking forklifts do not need to ship the whole pallet under certain working conditions (such as the distribution center of the supermarket). Instead, they choose a variety of goods according to the order to form a pallet. This part is called picking. According to the height of the picked goods, the electric picking forklift can be divided into low picking forklifts (within 2.5 meters) and medium and high order picking forklifts (up to 10 meters).
The carrying capacity is 2.0 to 2.5 tons (low) and 1.0 to 1.2 tons (middle and high, with cab lift).
5 Low-level driving three-way stacking forklifts are usually equipped with a three-way stacking head. The forklift does not need to be turned, and the fork can be used to stack and pick up the goods on both sides. The width of the channel is 1.5 to 2.0 meters and the lifting height can reach 12 Meter. The cab of the forklift truck is always unable to lift on the ground. Considering the limitation of the operating field of view, it is mainly used to lift the working height below 6 meters.
6 high-level driving three-way stacker forklift
Similar to the low-driving three-way stacker forklift, the high-drive three-way stacker forklift is also equipped with a three-way stacking head with a channel width of 1.5 to 2.0 meters and a lifting height of 14.5 meters. The cab can be lifted and the driver can clearly observe any height of the cargo and can also pick the job. The high-driving three-way stacker forklift is superior to the low-driving three-way stacker forklift in efficiency and various performances, so this model has gradually replaced the low-level driving three-way stacker forklift.
7 The electric tractor tractor is driven by an electric motor, and its traction capacity (3.0 to 25 tons) is used to pull several cargo carts behind. It is often used for the transportation of large quantities of goods in the workshop or between workshops, such as the transportation of automobile manufacturing warehouses to assembly lines and baggage transportation at airports.
2, according to the working conditions to choose the model and configuration models and configuration options generally from the following aspects:
(1) Operation function The basic operation functions of the forklift are divided into horizontal handling, stacking/removing, loading/unloading, and picking. According to the operation function that the enterprise wants to achieve, it can be initially determined from the models described above. In addition, the special work function will affect the specific configuration of the forklift, such as the paper roll, molten iron, etc., the forklift is required to install the attachment to complete the special function.
(2) Operation requirements The requirements for the operation of the forklift include general requirements such as pallet or cargo specifications, lifting height, working channel width, and climbing grade. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the working efficiency (different models have different efficiency) and work habits (such as customary driving). Still stationed and other requirements.
(3) Working environment If the goods or warehouse environment that the enterprise needs to carry have requirements for environmental protection such as noise or exhaust emissions, it should be considered when selecting the model and configuration. If it is in a cold storage or in an environment with explosion-proof requirements, the configuration of the forklift should also be cold storage or explosion-proof. Carefully examine the location that the forklift needs to pass through, and envisage possible problems, such as whether the door height affects the forklift when entering or leaving the warehouse; the height and load of the elevator when entering and leaving the elevator; when working upstairs, the floor carrying Whether to meet the requirements, and so on.
When selecting and determining the configuration, the forklift supplier should describe the working conditions in detail and conduct on-site inspection to ensure that the purchased forklifts are fully in line with the needs of the enterprise. Even after completing the analysis of the above steps, there are still several models that can meet the above requirements at the same time. At this point, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:
1 Different models, different work efficiency, then the number of forklifts required, the number of drivers is different, will lead to a series of cost changes, see the performance evaluation part of this article on the cost of the discussion.
2 If the forklift is working in the warehouse, the width of the passage required for different models is different, and the lifting capacity is also different, which will bring about changes in the warehouse layout, such as changes in the storage capacity of the goods.
3 Changes in the number of models and their numbers will affect fleet management and many other aspects.
4 Different models have different market holdings, and their after-sales support capabilities are different. For example, low-driving three-way stacker forklifts and high-drive three-way stacker forklifts are both narrow-channel forklift trucks, which can be used in very narrow passages (1.5~ 2.0 meters) to complete the stacking and picking up. However, the former cab cannot be lifted, so the operating field is poor and the work efficiency is low. Since the latter can fully cover the former's functions and its performance is superior, the sales volume in the latter market in Europe is 4 to 5 times higher than that in the former and more than 6 times in China. Therefore, most of the suppliers focus on the development of high-drive three-way stacker forklifts, while the low-drive three-way stacker forklifts are only used in small tonnages and low lift heights (generally within 6 meters). When the market sales are small, the service capacity of the after-sales service engineers, engineer experience, and parts inventory level will be relatively weak.
After a comprehensive assessment of the impact of the above aspects, choose the most reasonable solution.
Second, the brand chooses the current domestic forklift brand, from domestic to imported dozens.
Domestic brands: Heli, Hangzhou, Dalian, Giant Whale, Hunan Forklift, Tai Lifu, Jingjiang, Liugong, Jiali, Jingjiang Baoyu, Tianjin Forklift, Luoyang Yituo, Shangli Heavy Industry, Yuchai Forklift, Hefei Hunan Hengli and so on.
Imported brands: Linde (Germany), Hyster (USA), Toyota (Japan), Jungheinrich (Germany), BT (Sweden), Komatsu (Japan), TCM (Japan), Lizhiyou (Japan), Nissan (Japan), Hyundai (Korea), Doosan Daewoo (Korea), Crown (USA), OM (Italy), OPK (Japan), Nissan (Japan), Mitsubishi (Japan), etc.
First determine a few brands as the scope of consideration, and then comprehensive assessment. In the primary selection stage, the following aspects are generally used as the criteria for primary selection:
1. Product quality and reputation of the brand;
2. What is the brand's after-sales support capability, and there are no service outlets in or near the enterprise;
3. The product quality and service that the company has used for the brand;
4. The selected brand needs to be consistent with the positioning of the company.
After the primary selection, the comprehensive evaluation of each brand includes brand, product quality, price, service ability and so on.
When many companies choose a brand, there is a certain misunderstanding: if the forklifts are imported brands, the quality is similar, and the price should be close. In fact, this is a common-sense mistake. Just like a car, there are many cars with imported brands. The price gap between different brands is also very large, and the performance is of course different. In addition, the forklift is an industrial equipment, which is one of the corporate goals to ensure the maximum operation of the equipment. Stoppage means loss. Therefore, it is crucial to choose a brand with guaranteed after-sales service. China's forklift market is very large, so it has attracted a lot of foreign brands of forklift suppliers, but China is vast, and it is difficult to achieve a national professional service network without a certain amount of time.
Third, the performance evaluation criteria In the comprehensive assessment, many companies do not understand the professional knowledge and technology of forklifts, often can not make a reasonable judgment on product quality. In general, the superior performance of high-quality forklifts is often reflected in high efficiency, low cost, high reliability, ergonomic design and convenient service.
1. High efficiency and high efficiency do not only mean high speed (driving, lifting, descending speed), it also means that the operator takes a short time to complete a working cycle and can maintain this efficiency throughout the working time. Many factors can contribute to efficiency gains:
1 The speed of the speed, such as driving speed, lifting and lowering speed;
2 The application of ergonomic design reduces the number of operation actions;
3 the accuracy of the operation;
4 ergonomic design applications to minimize fatigue;
5 good vision;
2. When a low-cost enterprise purchases and uses a forklift, the total cost per year includes:
1 procurement cost;
2 maintenance costs;
3 energy consumption costs;
4 labor costs;
Procurement costs will be spread evenly over the life of the forklift. Therefore, high-priced forklifts will reduce procurement costs due to their longer life.
The actual repair cost is not only related to the cost of repairing parts, but also to the failure rate or downtime. Therefore, a high-quality forklift has lower maintenance costs due to its lower failure rate.
The cost of energy consumption will vary depending on the forklift of different power systems, such as electricity, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas or gasoline.
Labor costs vary with the number of drivers and their monthly total wages, and the number of drivers will be reduced by the use of efficient forklifts.
3. The safety design of the high-safety forklift should be able to fully guarantee the safety of the driver, the cargo and the forklift itself. High-quality forklifts often take into account every detail and every possibility in terms of safety design.
4. Ergonomics Ergonomics is a science widely used in product design, especially to improve the operating environment. The aim is to maximize production efficiency by reducing driver fatigue and increasing operational comfort.
In the design of forklifts, ergonomics is reflected in all aspects:
1 Reduce the fatigue of the driver's operation: the unique design can reduce the driver's operation and make the operation more labor-saving;
2 Comfort: User-friendly design can keep the driver in good mood and reduce operational errors;
3 Good visibility: Provides a good view of the forklift operation process, not only improves efficiency, but also ensures driver safety.
5, easy to maintain
Consider whether the forklift is easy to maintain. All parts should be replaced easily, and the diagnosis and elimination of the fault should be fast. The high-quality forklift control system is modular and can be directly connected to a laptop, using diagnostics to quickly find faults or modify parameter settings (such as driving speed).
Before purchasing forklifts, enterprises should not only understand the price and tonnage of forklifts, but also make purchasing decisions based on the specific conditions and development plans of the company, taking into account the strengths, reputation and service guarantees of forklift manufacturers. In addition to providing reliable after-sales service, a competent forklift supplier should have the expertise to help customers complete the vehicle and configuration selection phase.
With the increase of market transparency and the strengthening of brand building of forklift manufacturers, the procurement behavior of enterprises will be more rational. Enterprises and forklift suppliers will tend to pursue a win-win situation and establish long-term, mutually trusting cooperation. For companies that have not used forklifts and have large material handling, it may be necessary to compare the cost and comprehensive benefits of manual handling and forklift handling. The price, type and function of forklifts have changed a lot, and they are often better than manual handling. select.
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