How to solve the problem of instrumentation and measurement

At present, there is a clear gap between the research and manufacturing of measurement technology and precision instruments and equipment in China and the international advanced level. Simply relying on imported equipment and imported technology cannot improve the level of precision instruments in China. How to transform the imported equipment technology into its own? How to promote the independent innovation of measurement science and technology to enter the world's frontier level?

Measuring and precision instruments means that the development of science and technology priority <br> <br> Why focus on research and measurement technology precision instruments, innovation?

Advanced measurement technology and precision instruments are the tools of scientific discovery and the seeds of technological innovation. Many epoch-making scientific and technological achievements and projects that won the Nobel Prize for science and technology are all produced. For example, the invention of the mass spectrometer enables us to separate the composition of matter by the difference in the mass of atoms and molecules, and the techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow us to detect diseases earlier; CCD) has become a key component in mobile phones and digital cameras. The inventors of these instruments and methods have also won the Nobel Prize.

According to incomplete statistics, 68.4% of the physics prizes, 74.6% of the chemistry prizes, and 90% of the biomedical awards were made with various advanced instruments in more than a century.

The actual social development also puts forward many new questions that must be answered and solved in science. For example, how do industrial emissions affect climate change, the environment, and even the health status of the population? Dioxins have low concentrations and the measurement methods are complex and can only be performed off-line. The development of environmental science calls for the development of new measurement methods and instruments for the detection of trace substances. Monitor dioxins. The mechanism of the impact of trace substances on people's health, assessment and monitoring methods are urgent scientific problems.

The level of measurement and instrument technology also reflects national strength. The data released by the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the US Department of Commerce in the mid-1990s showed that the output value of instrumentation in the United States accounted for about 4% of the gross national product, but the related output value it escalated was as high as 66%. The 2007 US Department of Commerce’s National Standard The strategic report of the Institute of Technology points out that the key to improving the quality of manufacturing and people’s lives in the 21st century is measurement technology, which is also indispensable for maintaining national competitiveness. In order to recapture the advantages of measuring and analyzing instruments, Japan’s Ministry of Education launched a cutting-edge measurement business with an investment of 10 billion yen.

In short, the measurement and instrumentation are the basis of science and technology. Whoever has mastered the most advanced measurement methods and precision instruments will grasp the priority of scientific and technological development, the right to guarantee the protection of people's health, the right to make business standards, and the right to respond to emergencies. .

High-end equipment imported <br> <br> basic research, development of technology and precision measuring instruments, what are the problems our country?

China’s investment in science and technology has increased substantially, and large-scale equipment purchased has taken shape. However, 60% of them are imported equipment. In particular, expensive high-end equipment and equipment are basically imported. Take medical equipment as an example. In 2007, the size of the global medical instrument market was approximately US$250 billion, and China’s purchase volume was approximately 4%. The high-end inspections and treatment performed by Chinese hospitals basically use imported equipment. In 2008, the purchase of image diagnostic instruments in China reached US$1.57 billion. It was basically divided by GE, Siemens, Philips, and several Japanese companies. China's own medical instrument products accounted for only 2%.

At present, there is a wide gap between China's measurement technologies and precision instruments and the world's powers. This has led to a wide range of technological innovations. If the development strategy is not formulated as soon as possible and catch up, the gap will continue to widen.

Measuring the direction and ways of technology and instrument development
If you want to catch up with the measurement technology and precision instruments, what are the key development directions?

To promote China's measurement science and technology into the world's frontier, we must take into account the world's measurement technology development trends and China's phased needs. I think there are three goals that are important and need to be taken from the layout. One is the original measurement technology and instruments, the second is the measurement technology and instrument led by the development of the national goal-oriented or measuring instrument, and the third is the core technology of precision instruments. Among these three goals, each has a priority for collaborative innovation, namely advanced measurement methods, micro-intelligent detectors, and micro-nano device fabrication technologies.

The gap between our country and the developed countries, except for the industrial scale and technology accumulation is not enough, but the original innovation method of measurement principle and instrument design is not enough. To change the status quo, you need to work hard in several directions. Such as deep-sea exploration in the energy field, rapid detection of trace chemicals in the environmental field, early warning of environmental risks on the Earth's scale, etc.; in food safety and drug residue detection of agricultural products, exploring the establishment of rapid measurements based on optical information such as the fingerprint spectra of substances. Methods for identifying material constituents, especially rapid measurement methods for trace substances; in the field of life sciences, real-time observation of living cells or protein structures, visualization of intracellular molecular information transmission, identification of cells and proteins, development of detection devices, such as weak Fluorescence observation devices, etc.; to overcome complex conditional constraints, to break through the existing measurement limits, to change the method limitations of the original model, single principle, cross-cutting and integration of different disciplines, and to carry out method innovation based on comprehensive application of mathematical methods to achieve measurement methods Original innovations, these above-mentioned achievements will have an inestimable impact on independent innovation of science and technology.

Intelligent micro-detectors are small-scale, controlled, independent and complete acquisition and transmission of specific information, and self-powered sensing systems. This smart detector is used as a "human eye" in many fields and has a wide application prospect. This area can provide strategic traction for many aspects of basic R&D such as nanotechnology, MEMS, sensors, self-contained energy, etc., leading to more predictable results. Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd. is developing the "Earth Central Nervous System": it plans to lay out 1 trillion sensors in the world and form giant arrays to monitor the ecology, earthquakes, and energy use.

Micro-nano device manufacturing technology is the core technology of precision instruments, involving materials, processes, core algorithm software and many other fields of technology. The current direction is to miniaturization, multi-function integration and intelligent development. The world's leading ultra-precision machining technology can realize feature structures with less than 1 nanometer accuracy and less than 30 nanometer scale. According to China's national conditions, priority can be given to exploring new mechanisms. When the scale of matter reaches nanometer scale, new effects will occur in mechanics, thermals, electricity, or optics. The classical theory is no longer applicable, and amendments or new theories must be given.

The working mother machines used to process micro-nano devices are high-end precision instruments and currently rely on imports. Our country should actively tackle problems on the one hand, and on the other hand, it should form its own processing technology as soon as possible on the use of existing equipment.

What are the ways to achieve these three goals and the direction of priority innovation?

In the developed countries, high-tech industries such as surveying and precision instrument industry have formed a pattern of upstream and downstream convergence and cooperation among enterprises. In this field, China can also engage in some key projects with appropriate scale and high efficiency. The industry is a technology-intensive industry and the development cannot be separated from the intelligence and talent support of universities, R&D institutes. Universities, R&D institutions should be strong and united, and work in collaboration. At present, colleges and universities in our country are playing a major role in R&D. However, in colleges and universities “surname education”, staffing and fixed funding still come from educational tasks. At present, China needs to develop a number of small and medium sized fine-information companies with unique technologies and innovative capabilities. Adjusting policies and mechanisms, under the premise of teaching benefits, the results of research and development in colleges and universities and even the rapid transformation of intellectual resources into productive forces, college graduates, especially Ph.D., are required to work in small and medium-sized enterprises.

The development and promotion of many powerful small and medium-sized enterprises is not only a good instrument industry, but also a path that our country’s industrialization cannot circumvent. Taking the Jingyi industry as an example, high-tech, high-value-added, high-risk technology-based SMEs cannot rely on the method of “individual approaches to farming, simplicity, and simplicity,” and they must consider appropriate supporting policies around the characteristics of high-tech products, such as attracting High-end talent entrepreneurship, perfect real venture capital awareness and channels.

The State’s support for precision instrumentation and measurement technology innovation should be based on ex post incentives, which would make it easier for R&D investees to turn to beneficiaries rather than taxpayer’s money for enterprises. In order to prevent the various R&D units from fighting each other and appearing low-level duplication and vicious competition with quick success and instant benefits, we can consider establishing national collaborative innovation centers and industrial alliances independent of universities and institutions to truly lead the industry, concentrate strength, and rationally allocate resources. Resources to solve practical problems.