Six characteristics of mechanical industry investment in fixed assets
According to the data analysis of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2003, the fixed assets investment of the machinery industry was 177.6 billion yuan, accounting for 4.2% of the national investment, which was lower than the proportion of machinery industry added value of about 6% of GDP; It accounts for 4.6% of national investment, and the overall development trend is stable and not too hot. Cai Weici, deputy chairman of the China Federation of Machinery Industry, pointed out that due to the wide and scattered machinery industry industry, companies are particularly large. Under the current system, it is difficult for industrial associations to conduct systematic research and accurate statistical analysis of fixed asset investment in the industry. According to analysis by the China Federation of Machinery Industry and relevant professional associations, the current investment in fixed assets of the machinery industry has the following characteristics:
First, the reform of the market-oriented orientation of most enterprises in the machinery industry has made considerable progress: in addition to automobiles and major technical equipment, other industries such as low-voltage electrical components and complete sets of equipment, bearings, fans, pumps, valves, motors, wire and cable, refrigeration equipment, For casting, forging, heat treatment, electroplating, etc., the majority of investment entities are mainly private and foreign-funded enterprises. They generally have strong self-discipline awareness of fixed asset investment.
Second, investment in most sub-sectors is mainly concentrated in the field of technological transformation. For example, several large-scale power generation equipment groups are faced with tight production tasks. The industry unifies its thinking and draws lessons from the past. Basically, it does not blindly expand its general processing capacity, but expands it. Cooperation scope, extensive use of processing capacity at home and abroad, to increase supply, enterprises focus on product sets, system integration and technological advances of key new products (such as heavy-duty gas turbines, etc.), as well as to alleviate key bottlenecks (such as Harbin and Oriental Both groups are planning to build a coastal super-large processing and assembly shipping base);
Third, many large-scale investment projects in coastal cities are carried out in combination with the land replacement of the original enterprises in the urban transformation and the relocation of “retreat two into threeâ€, such as Dalian Heavy Machinery-Lifting Group, Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool, Beijing Switch Factory, and Dalian Machine Tool Plant. , Tiexi District, Shenyang, relocation of enterprises, etc., these projects are generally more concerned with the relocation and structural adjustment, technological upgrading combined;
Fourth, major technology and equipment enterprises (such as a heavy, double, etc.) have weak self-accumulation ability, and their investment in technological transformation is obviously insufficient, and their dependence on the country is large;
Fifth, a small number of industries such as automobiles and auto parts, engineering machinery, and internal combustion engines, etc., have a rapid increase in production capacity while upgrading their products. And most of the major projects are built with foreign partners, such as Beijing Hyundai, Beijing Benz, Tianjin FAW Toyota, Changchun FAW Fengyue, Dongfeng Nissan, Dongfeng Honda, Dongfeng Renault, Brilliance BMW, Jinan Huawo Truck, Changan Ford, Dongfeng. Cummins, Guangzhou Automobile Engines, Diesel Engines in Shandong and Caterpillar, etc.; these projects are generally subject to national approval. It is worth noting that in the increasingly open environment, the control over the localization rate of the entire vehicle has been weakened, and the momentum of assembly has been increasing. In addition to the entire vehicle and engine, auto parts are also a new investment hot spot. It is reported that Wanxiang Group is planning a project with an annual output of 1 million tons of forgings, with an annual output of 300,000 tons, which is a world-class scale.
Sixthly, transnational corporations have shown stronger and stronger mergers and acquisitions and control over the industry’s intentions to develop better momentum and control the Chinese market (such as Xu Gong, Chang Kai, Wuxi Weifu, Shanghai Xinhua, etc.), and related places. The government also encourages and even requires companies to enter into joint ventures on foreign terms, because they fear that if they do not agree, they will allow peer companies in other places to have the opportunity to attract foreigners at a lower asking price, and eventually cause local companies to be squeezed. This situation threatens the autonomy of China's equipment manufacturing industry and hopes that relevant state departments will pay attention to and control it.
A 3-Axis CNC Machining Center/Mill is used for creating various industrial parts. This is achieved by using a wide-range of tooling and cutters depending on the type of material being cut and the end product being manufactured.
A 3-axis CNC Mill works on three separate axes:
X-Axis: Moving longitudinally or [left-to-right"
Y-Axis: Moving laterally or [front-to-back"
Z-Axis: Moving Vertically or [up-and-down"
CNC Vertical Machining Centers can include an additional axis to do specific cutting applications.
Rotary Tables are common as a 4th Axis on mills. They can vary in size and weight capacities and can have a horizontal or vertical configuration. They are generally an add-on to a standard 3-axis mill. The mill will have to have a proper 4th axis interface (generally a 4th axis card, drive and CNC Control) to accept a 4th axis rotary table.
Trunnion Tables can also be an add-on to a vertical CNC Mill. A Trunnion table adds a 4th and 5th axis to a standard mill by incorporating an A-Axis (which rotates around the X-Axis) as well as a C-Axis (which rotates around the Z Axis).
A true 5-axis machine can allow for continuous 5-axis machining simultaneously. This increases both speed and accuracy when machining the part.
CNC Vertical Mills generally have a single spindle, automatic tool changer, work table and CNC Control.
The spindle on a CNC Machining Center can have a wide range of speeds depending on what material is being cut and the depth of cut that is required. Typical spindle speed ranges from 0 to 10,000 RPM. Higher speeds are used for lighter materials including graphite and aluminum among others. Higher speeds can reach 12,000 RPM up to 50,000 RPM and higher.
The Spindle is loaded with tool holders and cutters to achieve the proper material removal. There are many different styles of tool holders including BT and CAT – which have a conical shape as well as HSK, which uses flanges instead of a taper to lock the holder in place. BT and CAT Holders can come in various sizes including 30, 40 and 50 taper depending on the size of tool the cutter requires. HSK (Hollow taper ShanK) comes in a variety of types – A through F – and sizes from HSK-32 up to HSK-160. HSK is considered a better tool holder for high speed machining as there is more surface contact between the spindle and the holder, reducing vibration and keeping the tool from pulling back into the receiver when cutting at high speeds.
A CNC Vertical Machining Center offers different styles of automatic tool changers as well. The most common style is the umbrella-style. This is where the tool holders are loaded into the carousel vertically. The other style is a drum or side-mount style. The tools are loaded in horizontally in this type. This allows for greater part height in the work area and can help accommodate a rotary table, fixture or any additional work holding devices mounted to the table.
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