First, the beneficiation method
The various minerals in the ore have their own inherent physical and chemical properties, such as: particle size, shape, color, gloss, specific gravity, friction coefficient, magnetic properties, electrical properties, surface wettability, and the like. According to the different properties of various minerals, we can choose different mineral processing methods to make them sorted. The most commonly used mineral processing methods in the "mineralization method and beneficiation process" have the following problems: (1) "1. Beneficiation method:" and "2. Beneficiation process:" Both ":" are removed, and the following text is moved down. (2) "Chemical selection: chemical mineral processing, the use of minerals ..." was changed to "chemical mineral processing: the use of minerals ...". The law has re-election, flotation, magnetic separation, electric selection, chemical beneficiation, photoelectric selection, friction selection and hand selection.
Re-election (full scale gravity beneficiation method): is a mineral processing method for separating minerals according to the specific gravity of minerals. In addition to various re-election equipment , there must be medium (air, water or heavy liquid) for re-election. It is widely used for sorting coal and tungsten, tin, gold, iron, manganese, chromium and other minerals. In addition, the selection of non-ferrous metals, rare metals and non-metallic ores is usually also carried out by re-election.
Magnetic separation method: It is a beneficiation method for separating minerals based on the difference in magnetic properties of minerals. It is mainly used to select ferrous metal ore and rare metal ore.
Flotation (full name floating ore dressing method): It is a method of sorting minerals from the pulp by means of buoyancy of bubbles by utilizing the difference in physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface. Flotation is currently used extensively to treat most ore.
The above three beneficiation methods are currently the most commonly used beneficiation methods.
Electro-election method: The method of sorting is based on the difference in mineral electrical properties.
Hand selection method: It is a manual method based on the color and luster of the mineral.
Friction dressing: Sorting is performed by using the difference in the coefficient of friction of the mineral and the difference in elasticity. The selection process is generally carried out on a slope. Different friction coefficients and elastic minerals collide with the slope to produce different bounces. Different motion speeds along the slopes form different motion trajectories and eventually separate from each other.
Chemical selection: chemical beneficiation, using the difference in mineral chemical properties, using chemical treatment (such as roasting, leaching, extraction, precipitation, etc.) or chemical treatment combined with physical ore dressing, so that the useful components are enriched or purified, The result is a chemical concentrate or product.
Photoelectric beneficiation method: based on the difference between the photoelectric properties (color, reflectivity, excited light and transparency) between minerals, using the photoelectric effect, the mineral separation method of mechanical sorting minerals.
According to the shape and particle size of the ore particles, it is possible to select the ore according to the shape and the particle size.
Second, the beneficiation process
The ore that is sent to the concentrator has to go through a series of operations to obtain a product suitable for smelting requirements.
Mineral processing is a continuous production process. The process of connecting each operation, that is, the process of continuous processing of ore, is called the beneficiation process.
The beneficiation process can be divided into three stages: preparation before sorting, sorting and dehydration after sorting.
1. Prepare the work before the selection. This includes crushing and sieving, grinding and grading of ore.
2. Sorting the work. Depending on the nature of the mineral, one or more methods of beneficiation, such as flotation, re-election or magnetic separation, are used. It is the separation of dissociated useful minerals from gangue minerals (or different useful minerals).
3. Dehydration work after sorting. Concentrate dewatering usually consists of three stages of concentration, filtration and drying. The purpose is to remove the water from the concentrate for storage, transportation and sale.
After the ore is sorted, several products can be obtained: concentrate, tailings and medium ore.
Concentrate is the final product obtained after the raw ore has been selected to have a high content of useful minerals and is suitable for smelting or other departmental requirements. Tailings are products with very low levels of useful minerals after sorting, most of which are gangues, which do not require further processing or are currently technically and economically unsuitable for further processing. The middle ore is an intermediate product (or semi-finished product) obtained after the ore is sorted. Among them, the content of useful minerals is lower than that of concentrates, but it is higher than tailings. Therefore, the middle mines need further processing.
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