The processing of rice in rice plants generally involves five sections including clearing, sectioning of glutinous rice, and coarse grain separation sections, rice milling sections, finishing sections and by-products. The rice milling section is one of the most important sections for rice processing. The main equipment is a rice mill. At present, most of the processing in the southern market is mainly for processing japonica rice and hybrid rice, while the horizontal sand roller rice mill has obvious advantages in terms of ensuring safety and ensuring that the finished rice meets the requirements of the customer, reducing broken rice and increasing the rice output rate. Effect. The following describes related aspects of the principle, operation and maintenance of horizontal rice machine.
1 The principle and application of horizontal rice mill The rice mill consists of a frame, sand roller (spiral roller above the roller), rice knife, rice sieve, feed hopper, discharge nozzle, motor and so on. During the work, the net brown rice processed in the previous section was entered from the feed hopper into the white room of the rice mill. With the rotation of the sand roll, the brown rice spirally advanced along the surface of the sand roll, and was subjected to a large squeezing force and friction force. The surface of the sand roller rotating at a certain linear velocity is continuously rubbed away from the surface layer of the brown rice, and the rice grains and rice grains, rice grains and rice knives, rice grains, and rice sieve are rubbed against each other, so that the skin of the brown rice is continuously repeatedly "cutting" and "wiping off". It is roughened, whitened (crushed or finely ground) and finally passed through a spiral groove on the roller, and the grain is pushed to the outlet and out of the discharge nozzle. At the same time, under the strong suction of the wind, the wolfberry powder is forced out of the rice grain, discharged from the sieve hole, and finally collected through a suction bucket.
The sand roller is called the heart of the rice machine. The design of the sand roller process parameter is reasonable or not, and it is very important for the performance and technological effect of the rice mill.
1.1 Unit Yield Grinding Area
In the formula: A --- unit production rolling area, m2 / kg; Q --- rice machine output, kg / h; D --- sand roller diameter, m; L --- total length of sand roller, m ;n―-sand roller speed, r/min.
From this we can see that when the value of A is large, the internal pressure of the rice machine is small, so the rice mill has less rice and the rice output rate is high. This indicates that the rice machine with the larger A value has the role of grinding whites as the main grinding product. Elimination is secondary, but when A value is too large, over-grinding will occur, which will reduce the rate of rice output and increase power consumption. Therefore, the rice plant should conduct detailed analysis based on actual conditions, and then combine other factors to form a perfect combination.
In general, the unit production yield of the one-meter milled processing area A is 12.5 to 14.5 m2/kg, and the special two meters are 16.2 to 21.6 m2/kg.
The unit yield of rolling mills for horizontal series rice machines is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Unit yield of horizontal series rice mills
In order to meet the processing requirements, most of the current use of "multi-mill light grinding" process.
1.2 The distance between the gas sand roller and the rice screen is called “storage†in the industry, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 horizontal rice mill white room cross-sectional view
The size of the stored gas should not be less than the transverse diameter of the rice grains. Otherwise, the rice grains will be easily broken; it must not be larger than the longitudinal diameter of the rice grains. Otherwise, the milled grains will be rough. The size of the stored gas should be selected between the vertical and horizontal diameters of the rice grains. The size of the stored gas should be slightly beveled, that is, the gap near the end of the exit knife should be slightly larger, so that the milled rice is more complete. Therefore, a reasonable adjustment should be made according to the requirements of the pressure and friction in the whitening room. "The size of the whole grain, white, good quality rice.
2 Operation and maintenance of horizontal rice machine 2.1 Safe start-up (1) Before driving, foreign objects (such as screws, nuts, iron blocks, etc.) must be cleaned in the hopper and the white room, and check whether there is any impact in the equipment. The material or other foreign matter affecting the equipment is best to be manually turned by the spindle transmission wheel. There should be no jamming, and if any, it must be eliminated.
(2) When driving, other equipment is running normally, and then feed processing. When adjusting the flow rate and accuracy, attention should be paid to the fact that the power load cannot be overloaded to control the ammeter. The weight of the pressure on the pressure door should be based on the type of raw materials and Accuracy is adjusted, or different weights of pressure are changed (when the meter is started, if the pressure is adjusted too quickly, it may easily cause clogging of the whitening chamber).
2.2 Correct use (1) Reasonable choice of supporting power. In general, the rice mill is required to work under near full load. In full load, the motor can give full play to its power, and it can reasonably choose and match the motor to avoid “big horse-drawn cars†or “small horse-drawn carts†to the maximum extent. It can not only ensure the full function of rice mill, but also save energy and improve efficiency. The average motor power is slightly larger than 1.2 to 1.5 times the rated power of the rice mill.
(2) Adjustment of inlet and outlet gates. When the entrance gate is opened and the exit gate is closed, the grain in the whitening chamber increases, the pressure increases, and the milled beige is white, but the broken rice is more; on the contrary, the milled rice is rough, but the rate of rice output is high, so , Export gates should cooperate well, import gate control flow, export gate control accuracy. During specific operations, the opening of the inlet gate is adjusted according to regulations and then fixed. At this time, the operator only has to operate the outlet gate with his right hand, and the left hand sticks out to the bottom of the outlet to connect with the nanoparticles to check whether the rice grains are complete and whether the beige is white and clean. If the broken rice is more, you can open a large exit gate; if the grain is rough, you can close the small exit gate, both of which should be taken into account until the quality of the rice is reached.
(3) Rice knife adjustment. Mainly to adjust the gap between the rice knife and the sand roller, the gap is large, then the white room pressure is small, the rice grain is not strong friction, so the rice can not be fine grinding, but the rice rate is higher; otherwise, the accuracy is improved, but Broken rice rate is higher. Generally, when the adjustment of the inlet and outlet gates cannot meet the production requirements, the rice knives are adjusted again.
(4) Rice sieve adjustment. If you find that you have mixed whole rice in the fine bowl at work, you should check whether the meter has leaked rice. If the rice screen is improperly installed or damaged, it should be reinstalled or repaired. If the screen is too large, it should be replaced by a screen with a smaller screen.
(5) Midway production If the material in the front section cannot keep up, feed gate should be closed. After the material is sufficient, the feed gate should be opened slowly. Do not produce it when the white room is not full.
(6) After the production is completed, the inlet gate should be closed first. After 1 minute of operation, after the rice in the milling room is finished, all the materials are cleared and then the power is turned off.
(7) When using the new rice mill, due to the new sand roller, new rice sieve, new rice knife, etc., the pressure in the whitening room is large, and the phenomenon that the output does not go up or the surface of the rice grain is often pulled, if the above situation occurs The rice screen should be removed, cleaned of oil and rust, and the exclusion of external pressure (lift the outlet pressure rod), put a small flow, after 1 to 2 classes of wear, can achieve normal results.
2.3 Troubleshooting (1) After the rice mill starts, no feed or no rice is supplied. Reasons: It is rice machine reversal; brown rice has high water content and high viscosity, making feed inlet and rice sieve plugging. Measure: Correct motor steering; dry grains, dredge feed inlets, and sieve rice.
(2) The finished product contains too much crushed. Causes: The pressure in the whitening room in the rice machine is too large; the rice sieve is not flat or the rice sieve is deformed; the rice knives are too thick; the brown rice in the machine has too much crushed, and the waist is burst, and the quality is poor or the water is too low. Measures: Reduce the pressure in the white room; replace the rice sieve or plastic; replace the thin rice knife; control or adjust the quality of the incoming brown rice.
(3) The finished product contains too much cesium. Causes: Severe abrasion of the sand roller; clogging of the sieve screen of the rice screen; clogging of the suction system; too small air volume or pressure of the suction fan. Measures: Replace the sand roller; clean the sieve hole; adjust the air pressure and air volume; replace the suction fan.
(4) The accuracy is reduced unevenly. Cause: Inflow of material into the machine is not stable; the pressure in the discharge port is too small or the pressure gate is not flexible; the rice screen, rice knife or sand roller is seriously worn. Measures: Adjust flow; adjust pressure; replace corresponding parts.
(5) The rice mill is blocked. Causes: The feed flow rate is too large, the outlet pressure is too large; the discharge port is blocked by the rice cooker; the belt is slippery; the wear of the roller is worn or the knives are worn out; the spiral head is worn and loosened; the moisture of the brown rice is too high. Measures: Reduce the feed inlet, increase the discharge outlet; clear the outlet stack; tighten the drive belt; replace the screw head or tighten; reduce the moisture or increase the size of the sieve.
(6) The current is unstable. Reason: Feeding material is cut off, pressure valve fails; rice screen is clogged or damaged; power supply is disconnected. Measures: Adjust the inlet and outlet materials appropriately so that the material is full of the whitening chamber; clean the sieve or replace it; inspect the circuit.
(7) Machine vibration. Cause: Loose anchor bolts; unbalanced rotating parts: There is looseness at the joints of the equipment. Measures: Tighten the bolts; adjust them symmetrically to make them balanced; overhaul and tighten.
(8) Finished product heat. Cause: Humidity of brown rice is too large; Mesh or discharge openings are blocked: Measures: Reduce brown rice moisture; Open mesh and discharge openings.
(9) bearing heat. Cause: The bearing is filled with too much oil or lack of oil; the lubricant is dirty. Measures: Add or reduce butter; clean bearings in time.
2.4 Maintenance (1) Before each operation, check whether all parts of the screws are complete and fastened. If loosening is found, tighten the screws in time. The rice knife, rice sieve and sand roller are wearing parts. Check the wear before and after each shift. In this case, the meter can be used after the blunt grinding of the knife; the broken rice screen can be repaired with a yttrium wire or a steel sheet. The wear of the sand roll can be repaired with an angle grinder, and new parts should be promptly replaced when worn.
(2) Installation and inspection of rice sieves. When the rice sieve is inserted into the bead, one piece of the inlet end must be inserted first, and then one piece of the outlet end should be inserted. After the direction of the meter is established, the sieve is pressed against the screw and the two sieves are flattened. Straight, and can not leave two pieces of sieve between the rice squeezing machine, sieve laps should follow the direction of rice flow; flat connection can not leave a gap, the gap between the sieve and the roller should be consistent.
(3) The installation and inspection of the sand roller, if it is a multi-section sand roller, the connection end should be flat and the connection is flush. If it can't be aligned, the direction of the protrusion should follow the flow direction of the rice grain; the key can't be loosened, and the end cap should be After compaction, the maximum clearance between the roller and the outlet can not exceed 2 mm to prevent breaking of the rice.
(4) Check the tension of the V-belt. If the tension is insufficient, the belt will slip, the spindle speed will decrease, and the jamming will occur. If the tension is too tight, the service life of the bearing and the V-belt will be reduced, and the machine will easily occur. malfunction. Always check and adjust the V-belt tension, especially during the initial use phase.
(5) After the machine is used for six months, remove the bearing and clean it to replace the butter; if the machine is not used for a long time, the material accumulated in the machine should be cleaned, the dust and dirt inside and outside the machine cleaned, and the machine be covered and stored. Dry, cool place.
Of course, even the best equipment needs responsible operators to manage it. Therefore, we must pay attention to strengthening technical training, raising the technical level of operators of rice milling machines, cultivating awareness of energy conservation, and meticulous operation. We must strive to benefit from the equipment, so that we can turn our rice-making industry into a modern, grain-saving and innovative grain processing company.
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