Common faults of various types of pneumatic components

1. Pneumatic actuator (cylinder) failure

Due to improper assembly and long-term use of cylinders, pneumatic actuators (cylinder) are prone to internal and external leakage, insufficient output force and unsteady operation, poor buffering effect, and damage to the piston rod and cylinder head.

(1) Air cylinders have internal and external leaks, which are generally caused by eccentric installation of piston rods, insufficient supply of lubricating oil, worn or damaged seal rings and seal rings, and impurities and piston rod scratches in the cylinder. Therefore, when the cylinder leaks inside or outside, the center of the piston rod should be readjusted to ensure the coaxiality of the piston rod and the cylinder tube; the operation of the oil mist filter must always be checked to ensure that the actuator is well lubricated; When the rings and seal rings are worn or damaged, they must be promptly replaced; if there are impurities in the cylinder, they should be promptly removed; if there are any scars on the piston rod, they should be replaced.

(2) Insufficient output force and unsteady operation of the cylinder are generally caused by pistons or piston rods stuck, poor lubrication, insufficient air supply, or condensed water and impurities in the cylinder. In this regard, the center of the piston rod should be adjusted; check whether the operation of the oil mister is reliable; whether the gas supply pipeline is blocked. When there is condensed water and impurities in the cylinder, it should be cleared in time.

(3) The cushioning effect of the cylinder is poor, generally due to wear of the cushion seal or damage to the adjusting screw. At this point, the seal ring and adjustment screw should be replaced.

(4) The piston rod and cylinder head of the cylinder are damaged, which is generally caused by eccentricity of the piston rod or ineffectiveness of the buffer mechanism. In this regard, the center position of the piston rod should be adjusted; replace the buffer seal or adjustment screw.

2. Reversing valve failure

The failures of the reversing valve include: the valve cannot be reversed or the reversing action is slow, the gas leaks, and the electromagnetic pilot valve is faulty.

(1) The reversing valve cannot be reversed or the reversing action is slow. It is generally caused by poor lubrication, stuck or damaged springs, oil or foreign matter stuck on the sliding part. In this regard, it should first check whether the work of the oil mister is normal; whether the viscosity of the oil is suitable. If necessary, replace the oil, clean the sliding part of the reversing valve, or replace the spring and reversing valve.

(2) After a long period of use, the reversing valve is prone to wear of the valve sealing ring, damage to the valve stem and the valve seat, resulting in leakage of gas in the valve, slow movement of the valve, or failure in normal reversing. At this point, the seal, stem, and valve seat should be replaced, or the shuttle valve should be replaced.

(3) If the inlet and outlet holes of the electromagnetic pilot valve are blocked by sludge or other debris, the closed core is not tight, the movable iron core is jammed, and the circuit is faulty, etc., which can cause the reversing valve to fail to commutate normally. For the first three cases, the sludge and impurities on the pilot valve and moving core should be cleaned. The circuit fault is generally divided into control circuit faults and electromagnetic coil faults. Before checking the circuit failure, the manual knob of the reversing valve should be turned a few times to see if the reversing valve can be normally commutated under the rated pressure. If the normal reversing is possible, the circuit is faulty. During the inspection, the meter can be used to measure the voltage of the solenoid to see if it has reached the rated voltage. If the voltage is too low, the power supply in the control circuit and the associated trip switch circuit should be further checked. If the reversing valve cannot be normally commutated at the rated voltage, check that the solenoid's connector (plug) is loose or the contact is untrue. The method is to remove the plug and measure the resistance of the coil. If the resistance is too large or too small, it means that the electromagnetic coil is damaged and should be replaced.

3. Pneumatic auxiliary component failure

Pneumatic transmission components of the main faults are: oil mist device failure, automatic drain failure, muffler failure.

(1) Faults of the mist eliminator: Adjustment of the needle is too small. The oil line is blocked. Leakage of the pipeline will prevent the liquid droplets from being atomized. In this regard, timely handling of blocked and leaking places should be conducted to adjust the amount of oil drip so that it can reach 5 drops/min. In normal use, the oil level in the oil cup should be kept within the upper and lower limits. The water deposited on the bottom of the oil cup should be promptly removed.

(2) The dirt and moisture in the automatic drain can not be automatically excluded, especially in the winter when the temperature is low. At this point, it should be removed and inspected and cleaned.

(3) When the muffler mounted on the directional valve is dirty or blocked, it also affects the sensitivity of the directional valve and the commutation time, so it is necessary to frequently clean the muffler.

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