0 preface
Guizhou Qinglong antimony ore beneficiation plant construction in the late eighties production, design scale for the daily processing raw ore 200 t, type of deposit belonging to the volcano sedimentary recycling deposit, surrounding rock type is a basaltic tuff, mainly mineral stibnite, antimony China, pyrite, natural sulfur, with green gangue quartz, fluorite, followed calcite, gypsum, etc. [1]. In recent years, with the continuous depletion of sulphide ore resources, the ore oxidation rate has been increasing, and the selected ore is the tailings that were hand-discarded in the past ore dressing production. The selected grades are getting lower and lower and the change is larger (1%-3%). This part of the ore is difficult to meet the needs of smelting production and is discarded, resulting in huge waste of resources; on the other hand, due to the lack of suitable processes (especially the flotation reagent system), the problem of low recovery rate is increasing. prominent. The statistics of the indicators show that the material consumption of the concentrator is 26.3 yuan/t, and the recovery rate of the ore dressing in the first half of 2001 is only about 30%.
1 Diagnosis and analysis of low recovery rate of mineral processing
In order to improve the recovery rate of niobium in production, it is first necessary to find out the reasons for the low recovery rate of the current beneficiation. To this end, a 1 ton comprehensive sample was taken at the site where the ore was selected at the site, and the mixture was shrunk for X-ray diffraction analysis and chemical phase analysis of bismuth; at the same time, sampling and inspection of the beneficiation production process was carried out. Manual sampling, the sampling process is shown in Figure 1. X- ray diffraction analysis: the original quartz rock sample and more than 90% illite, quartz majority of which, remaining small amount of anatase and pyrite. The phase analysis of the strontium in the original ore is carried out. The analysis process is shown in Fig. 2 [2] . The analysis results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the low grade strontium ore treated by the concentrator is a mixture of oxidized ore. The type of antimony ore, the oxidation rate of bismuth is 62.28%, that of Yuhua and Fangfang is 25.44%, that of Huanghuahua and citrate is 36.84%, and the content of sulfide is only 37.72%. Ore is a kind of refractory ore, and it is easy to muddy. In addition, the bismuth oxide mineral has poor floatability and is difficult to separate from gangue minerals. The on-site ore dressing process design follows the original design without any modification. The original design of the flotation reagent system is based on the selected ore as sulphide ore. The collector is made of xanthate, the regulator is lead nitrate, and the foaming agent. |  Figure 1 Manual sampling flow chart |
With No. 2 oil, this flotation reagent system has not adapted to the mixed ore mainly composed of oxidized ore on the site [3] , which makes the existing process run poorly. [next]
The results of the chemical analysis of the samples taken at the site (Table 2) also reflect that the original ore contains only 1.03% of plutonium, which is 1.5% lower than the industrial grade of antimony ore, which puts higher requirements on the existing beneficiation technology . . When dealing with this low grade ore, the amount and quality of the foam selected by rough selection are poor. The coarsely selected foam contains only 1.32% of niobium and the niobium contains 0.61%. Due to the quantity and quality of the selected foam. Even after three selections, the grade of concentrate is only 7.93%, and the grade of tailings is 0.592%, it is difficult to ensure the recovery rate of strontium.
Table 1 Phase analysis of strontium in ore
Mineral name | Yuhua and Fangyu Mine | Sulfide | Huang Yuhua and Tellurite Mine |
Distribution rate (%) | 25.44 | 37.72 | 36.84 |
Table 2 Chemical analysis of antimony in each product in the on-site production process
product name | Raw ore | Concentrate | Rough concentrate | Middle mine | Tailings |
Sb (%) | 1.03 | 7.93 | 1.32 | 0.61 | 0.592 |
Figure 2 Phase analysis process of strontium ore
The low recovery rate of bismuth is characterized by low grade and low yield of bismuth concentrate. Through careful investigation and analysis, it is also found that, in addition to the ore grade, the ore grade is lower than the industrial grade, and the mine enters the residual At the stage, the organization of balanced ore mining has been difficult to achieve, resulting in the mineral ore quality of the ore processing is extremely unstable, which has brought many adverse effects to the beneficiation production. It can be seen from the operation parameters of the on-site process that the concentration of flotation pulp is too low. less than 20%, is not conducive to improving the rougher concentrate recovery, especially for low-grade ore sorting flotation pulp density is too low, it will cause a lot of metal loss on the recovery of greater impact. In addition, in the on-site production process, the production is not normal. Due to the aging of the ore dressing equipment, the ore dressing equipment is not matched, and the parts replacement cycle is long. For example, the impeller cover of the flotation machine should be replaced once every 6-12 months. The factory was replaced once every two years, which seriously affected the aeration performance of the flotation machine, which also affected the beneficiation recovery rate to a large extent. [next]
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According to the grinding kinetic curve shown in Fig. 3, the grinding time is selected to be 3 minutes and 42 seconds, and the grinding concentration is 20%, so that the grinding fineness reaches 70%-200 mesh, and preliminary inspection is carried out under the grinding conditions. test. Considering that the strontium sulfide minerals are easy to float and the cerium oxide minerals are difficult to float, through the exploration of different process structures, the preferential flotation process is adopted, followed by sulphide ore fine selection, sulfide ore selection, sulfide ore selection II, oxidation. The test of rough selection I and oxidized ore rough selection II, the test results of Table 3 show that the recovery rate of three coarsely selected cesium can reach 64.80%, and the refined concentrate of strontium sulfide can be obtained through two selected grades of strontium sulfide concentrate. 22.72%, in order to obtain higher recovery of strontium and strontium oxide concentrate grade, strontium oxide rough selection I and strontium oxide rough selection II concentrate still need to be selected several times, other flotation process conditions and pharmaceutical system also need to continue excellent | Figure 3 Grinding kinetics curve of bismuth ore |
Selection and summary. The phase analysis of the obtained three coarsely selected coarse concentrate products is shown in Table 4. It can be seen from Table 4 that the idea of ​​selecting the flotation reagent system based on the low-grade mixed ore is correct, and the segmentation rough selection is adopted. Separation and flotation of barium sulfide and barium oxide are technically achievable with a mixed drug process.
Table 3 Three rough selection process test indicators
Job title | Product name | Yield(%) | 锑 grade (%) | 锑 recovery rate (%) |
Sulfide ore rough selection (sulphide ore selection) | Crude antimony sulfide concentrate (sulphide sulfide selected I concentrate) | 5.08 (0.86) | 5.28 (22.72) | 25.48 (18.56) |
Oxide ore coarse selection I oxidation ore coarse selection II | Cerium oxide coarse concentrate I | 3.73 | 4.19 | 14.85 |
Cerium oxide coarse concentrate II | 18.53 | 1.39 | 24.47 | |
Tailings | 72.66 | 0.51 | 35.20 | |
Raw ore | 100.00 | 1.05 | 100.00 |
Table 4 Results of crude phase analysis of crude concentrate
Mineral name Distribution rate (%) product | Yuhua and Fangyu Mine | Sulfide | Huang Yuhua and citrate minerals |
Sulfide ore fine concentrate | 11.92 | 44.37 | 43.71 |
Oxidized ore rough selection I concentrate | 31.20 | 5.98 | 62.82 |
Oxidized ore coarse selection II concentrate | 37.42 | 5.81 | 56.77 |
2 measures to improve recovery rate
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the current mineral supply properties become more and more difficult to select, the ore dressing process is unreasonable, and the aging of mineral processing equipment is the root cause of the recovery rate. For this reason, the following solutions are proposed:
(1) Improve and improve the existing mineral processing technology. Specifically, it includes: First, the flotation reagent system is the key to improving the level of mineral processing technology. It is mainly to find a collector of economical and effective cerium oxide ore, which must be studied through mineral processing to achieve this goal. Second, under the existing process structure and conditions, by strengthening the operation management and adjusting the process conditions to adapt to changes in the nature of the ore. Strict management should be carried out for each link. The control of ball milling operation conditions is the key to reduce the cost of beneficiation and improve the flotation effect. The method of adding pesticides can be added in stages to improve the efficacy and reduce the consumption of chemicals, by controlling the amount of water added. Increasing the concentration of the rough selection and reducing the concentration of the selected ones to ensure the recovery of the rough selection and the improvement of the concentrate grade, and also to adjust the pH value of the slurry to ensure selective flotation of the useful minerals;
(2) Regularly repair the ore dressing equipment and replace the aging equipment if conditions permit.
3 Conclusion
1. The grade of strontium ore selected is lower than the industrial grade, which increases the difficulty of mineral processing. In addition, due to various objective reasons, the organization of balanced ore mining is difficult to achieve, resulting in extremely unstable ore-mineral ore processing, which has many adverse effects on mineral processing. At the same time, the ore dressing process, especially the unreasonable flotation reagent system, the aging of mineral processing equipment, and the long replacement period of parts are the fundamental reasons for the recovery rate of the smelting plant of the Qinglong Dachang smelting mine in Guizhou.
2. The selection of low-grade mixed antimony ore is an important topic that is currently widely recognized at home and abroad but has not been effectively solved. The preliminary confirmatory test results show that the idea of ​​selecting the preferential flotation process based on the flotation characteristics of the mixed ore is correct, and the process conditions and the pharmaceutical system are to be further optimized and summarized.
references:
[1]Zhang Qihou.Study on the source of siliceous material in the ore-bearing ore deposit of Qinglong Dachang[J].Guizhou Geology,1999,16(2):111-116.
[2] Gong Meiling. Phase analysis and geological prospecting [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1994.
[3] Hu Weibai. Flotation (revised edition) [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press. 1983.
An Experiment Study on Improving Recovery of Antimony Ores
ZHANG Qin,SHANG Yan-bo
(College of Resources and Environment, GUT, Guiyang 550003, China)
Abstract : Preliminary experiments demonstrate that low recovery of antimony ores in the Qinglong Antimony Floatation Plant,Guizhou Province is due to the low-grade materials,inappropriate floatation technology and ageing facility.Some improvements are suggested.
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