IBM recently developed a superconducting chip and showed people that they are taking a major step toward building a computer processor using quantum physics theory. If IBM succeeds in developing, the quantum computer can pass a large number of computations effectively, let the computer operation that faces the difficulty now embarks on a "highway".
Researchers believe that one of the best ways to make a practical quantum computer involves the creation of a grid of hundreds or thousands of quantum bits. The chip circuits made by IBM are made of metal and become superconductors when cooled to very low temperatures. Only a small part of the chip is running above absolute zero.
IBM's chips include only the simplest grille, with four qubits in two-to-two arrangement. But researchers have said before that quantum bits can work together only when they are in line. Unlike traditional binary bits, a quantum bit can be entered in an "overlay state," where 0 and 1 are valid at the same time. When the qubits in this state work together, complicated calculations that are impossible with conventional hardware can be done. NASA, Microsoft, IBM and the U.S. government are all researching this technology.
There are different ways to make qubits, and a superconducting circuit such as that used by IBM is one of the most promising ways. However, all the quantum bits suffer from the problem that the quantum effects they use to represent data are easily disrupted. Most of the current work is focused on detecting a small number of qubits in the event of errors so that researchers can work around them or correct them.
Earlier this year, researchers at Santa Barbara, Calif., And Google Corp. announced that they have made a chip that has nine superconducting qubits in a single line. Some of the qubits in the system detect errors in time when the same kind of device suffers from a bit-reversed error type.
However, the qubit also suffers from the second type of error, phase inversion, that is, the superposition of one of the qubits becomes distorted.
A paper published today details how the four qubits in an IBM chip are arranged in a square to detect bit flipping and phase flipping. A pair of qubits is wrongly checked by another pair of qubits. One pair of qubits looks for a bit-flip error, and the other pair looks for a phase-flip.
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