Physical protection in the security system

First, the principle of setting up physical defense

As we all know, any kind of defense measures are not foolproof. Physical protection should be set according to the requirements of the protected area and the object of protection, in accordance with the principles of omni-directional, hierarchical, redundant, integrated, and lasting. Omnidirectional means continuously preventing threats and hazards in all directions, including up and down the southeast, northwest and six sides. It is necessary to prevent, detect, delay and intervene in all directions. Hierarchical level refers to the concept of protection capability and physical defense emphasizes the concept of defense in depth, that is, according to the environmental conditions and safety management requirements of the object to be protected, the entire prevention area is protected from the outer layer to the inner layer. The importance of threats and protection to protected areas or objects determines the number of layers of protection, the components at each level, and the resistance to damage of components.

Redundancy is an auxiliary or backup system that guarantees physical defenses. Physical protection measures and devices are often combined in multiple ways or overlapping to ensure that certain vulnerabilities, weaknesses, or failures can be identified and controlled. Integration refers to the integration of physical protection with other security systems to achieve resource integration and optimal utilization. Durability means that physical protection has a long-lasting defense capability; physical protection security measures are generally more durable than other methods and have a longer service life.

Second, the principle of physical prevention design

The physical protection design should be planned in tandem with the general plane design of the building to avoid some irreparable birth defects. Physical protection design is designed to prevent unauthorized access to and contact with protected objects. Physical protection design usually includes physical protection of perimeters, buildings, and protection targets. Perimeter entity protection usually includes perimeter physical barriers, entrance and exit physical barriers, vehicle entry physical barriers, security lighting, and warning signs. The physical protection of buildings (structures) is mainly based on the structure of the buildings themselves. The physical protection design of the protection target is generally a box, a cabinet, and the like.

Third, the perimeter entity defense

Perimeter physical protection design includes perimeter physical barriers, entrance and exit physical barriers, vehicle physical barriers, security lighting, signage identification, and the like.

â–  Perimeter physical barrier

According to the safety requirements of the protective objects, the physical barrier of the perimeter is different in height, width, depth (below ground), thickness and strength, and should be set to have blocking, buffering, changing trajectory according to the requirements of the anti-projectile destruction capacity and destructive force. Physical barriers such as capabilities. Perimeter physical barrier is the outermost protection means of the protection object. Its design functions mainly include anti-climbing (unhanded, tool-assisted) and anti-passthrough (percussion, shearing, smashing, impact, drilling, excavation, blasting, etc. destroying entities After the barrier) and so on. Perimeter physical barriers can be divided into two categories: natural barriers and artificial barriers: Natural barriers are physical barriers that are naturally formed to prevent entry, impede traversal, and block sight lines, such as: natural features such as valleys, hills, and rivers. Artificial barrier refers to artificially constructed walls, buildings, structures, moats, retaining walls and other civil structures and fences, fences, gates, barriers and anti-collision, anti-climbing, vandal-proof and other materials processed And equipment.

â–  Entrance and entry physical barrier

Under the premise of meeting capacity, the number of entrances and exits in the perimeter should be as small as possible, and the width should be as narrow as possible. In addition, entrances and exits are required to install separate physical barriers for controlling pedestrians and vehicles. Entrance and exit settings will increase the number of human protection and access control systems, and entrances and exits will be the focus of prevention. One-way traffic lanes should not exceed 7 000 mm, and two-way traffic lanes should not exceed 15,000 mm.

Entrances and exits need to be avoided at the end of straight roads. When the conditions of the site are limited to the end of the straight road, it is necessary to shorten the straight road or design the slope. The entrances and exits of straight roads are vulnerable to the threat of vehicle attack. The distance of straight roads is shortened in order not to provide conditions for vehicle acceleration. The slope design is designed to reduce the car stroke, and of course the design of speed bumps and traffic speed limit signs can also reduce certain risks. . The entrances and exits usually need to set up the traffic inspection area, waiting area and avoidance area. At the same time, it is necessary to set up the passage of the rejection passage. The entrance and exit physical barriers and the mixed traffic passages of the vehicles usually adopt swing gates, and the anti-trail gates usually adopt triple stick gates and revolving doors. Vehicle-specific traffic generally uses barriers, pan and tilt doors, and swing doors. The guard room or guard post is generally provided with toughened glass doors and windows or reinforced with bulletproof glass and other physical protection. Security guards are generally required in guard rooms or guard posts.

â–  Vehicle physical barrier

Vehicle barriers protect against vehicle threats, and are mainly applied to specific protection objects, free from vehicle impact or the threat of vehicle carrying explosives. Vehicle physical barriers need to be provided with structures that can effectively reduce vehicle speed and absorb vehicle kinetic energy. Outside the entrance and exit To slow down the vehicle speed, a physical barrier must be set to force the vehicle to run in an S-shape and/or set a deceleration zone. The vehicle physical barrier is divided into a passive vehicle barrier and an active vehicle barrier. The passive vehicle barrier structure is robust against moving vehicle bombs. Active vehicle barriers can be hand-operated, electrically controlled to move, lift, and flip freely. Anti-vehicle impact physical barriers are generally not less than 810 mm above ground level.

â– Safety lighting, logo identification

Safe lighting is to improve the detection of threats and play a deterrent role. Visually enhance the effectiveness of security personnel and electronic security systems. The types of perimeter security lighting include: continuous lighting, dazzling lighting, back-up lighting, emergency lighting, motion-activated lighting, etc. The signage should be erected upright at the entrance and exit, guide the authorized access, prevent unauthorized access, and eliminate accidental entry. The size and color of logos, distance between them, and position should be clearly visible and clear intent when approaching the perimeter in any direction. Prompt for intrusion may trigger an alarm or cause accidental injury.