US soil - gas-based ground source heat pump technology in China to promote (a)

1.1 Ground source heat pump technology, also known as ground heat pump technology, is a new type of air-conditioning technology that can use both the energy in the shallow soil temperature as energy source, advanced energy-saving, pollution-free and low running cost. Geothermal pump technology is the use of underground soil temperature or groundwater temperature characteristics of relatively stable, through buried in the building around the pipeline system or groundwater and building structures to complete the heat exchange device. It completely does not require any artificial heat source, completely replacing the boiler or municipal pipe network and other traditional heating methods and central air conditioning system. In winter, it takes heat from the soil instead of the boiler and heats the building; in summer it displaces the building from the heat of the soil, replacing normal air conditioning. At the same time, it can also supply domestic hot water, known as the "green air-conditioning technology" of the 21st century.

1.2 At present, there are two kinds of ground source heat pump technologies: earth-gas ground source heat pump technology and water-water ground source heat pump technology

Earth-gas-type ground source heat pump technology to the United States as the representative of technology, water - water source heat pump technology to the Nordic technology as the representative. The difference between the two is that the former takes heat from or drains heat from shallow soil or groundwater and directly converts it into hot air or cold air to heat or cool the room through ground-source heat pump units scattered in various rooms. The latter is to take heat from the groundwater or to heat it, after the heat pump unit into hot or cold water, and then through the fan coil arranged in each room into hot air or cold air to the room heating or cooling. Due to the earth-gas ground-source heat pump technology in the United States, it is possible to directly take effect from the shallow soil or discharge heat to it without using ground water, using buried vertical pipes, horizontal pipes or throwing pipes to surface water, Not limited to the exploitation of groundwater, the promotion of a larger, more flexible. In addition, as the U.S. technology reduces the heat loss due to the conversion of geothermal energy into hot water and cold water, the energy efficiency is higher and the cost of heating and cooling is lower.

1.3 Geothermal pump technology has obvious greenhouse gas emissions and the application of a wide range of features

As more than 70% of the heat generated by the geothermal pump is sourced from the soil, less than 30% of the energy comes from electrical energy. Therefore, replacing the winter heating boiler with at least 70% of greenhouse gas can reduce emissions. If large-scale promotion, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the soil-gas type heat pump technology uses energy that is in the soil at normal temperature and does not require special geothermal fields or underground hot water. It meets the required technical conditions of the geothermal pump as long as there is sufficient soil (ground or groundwater above -3.5 ° C) for heat exchange. Approximately 30-50% of Chinese cities have this condition and can use geothermal pumps. From the climate zone point of view, from the cold Heilongjiang to the hot Hainan Island can be used. Most countries in the world also have the conditions to apply geothermal pump technology. At the same time it does not consume nor pollute the groundwater. In the use of groundwater, the heat pump only to the water heat or heat, no water, the groundwater should be fully recharged underground.

1.4 Geothermal pump is the use of renewable energy, never depleted

Geothermal pumps take heat from, or dissipate heat from, shallow, normal-temperature soils. The heat of shallow soils originates from solar energy and it is never depleted and is a renewable energy source. Therefore, when using the heat pump, its soil heat source can be self-supplement, continuous use, there is no resource depletion.

1.5 high efficiency, low operating costs

In heating, the heat pump technology can "move" the soil to the room, the energy of more than 70% from the soil, the heating coefficient up to 3.5-4.5, while the boiler is only 0.7-0. 9, compared with the boiler to save 70% More than 40% of energy and 60% operating costs; Refrigeration than ordinary air-conditioning energy-saving 40% -50%, lower operating costs more than 40%. High energy saving, low operating costs, created the conditions for commercial promotion.

1.6 Geothermal pumps in Europe and the United States is a very mature technology has been fully commercialized In the United States, Canada and the Nordic countries and regions, geothermal pump technology has been widely used, the promotion rate of 15% per year rate of increase, the formation of From manufacturers, engineering providers to training institutions, technology development agencies, professional management agencies and a complete set of complete industrial system. The International Geothermal Pump Association (IGSHPA) and the American Geothermal Pump Association (GHPC) have been established and they have fully commercialized.

1.7 Geothermal pump technology can achieve household metering, can be phased investment, no outdoor unit

As the United States soil - gas ground - source heat pump is scattered in each household or room, and it is the same as ordinary household air conditioners, the implementation of a separate electricity metering to overcome the heating boiler and central air conditioning when the household metering problems. Just because it is decentralized and installed, it can be phased and invested in batches, which solves the requirement that central air-conditioning units must invest once in place, thus reducing financing costs. Ground source heat pump air conditioning, no outdoor unit and cooling towers, building facades cleaner, more beautiful.

After the agreement signed by the Chinese and the U.S. governments to promote the soil-source type ground source heat pump technology in the United States is signed, the two governments each entrust some experts to draft the cooperation plan on the specific contents of the cooperation. In November 1998, China and the United States jointly held the experts and experts from both countries in the United States to promote the development and utilization of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies Cooperation Protocol "working group meeting was approved. "Plan" stipulates: promotion work carried out in three phases.

The first phase: construction demonstration project. It is planned to construct a U.S. soil-gas ground-source heat pump demonstration project in each of the cold climate zone in northern China, the temperate zone in the Yangtze River Basin in central China and the subtropical zone in southern China. In addition to providing demonstration after the completion of the project, data collection should also be carried out to test the economic and technical effects of the US soil-gas ground-source heat pump under different climatic conditions so as to provide a model, data and experience for large-scale promotion. Demonstration project construction to take the government support business model.

The core of earth-gas ground-source heat pump technology is how to achieve efficient heat exchange with shallow soil to ensure stable and long-term heat extraction from or to the environment without investing much more than ordinary central air conditioning Exhaust heat, to achieve heating or cooling. Considering that China has not yet mastered the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, the "Plan" proposes that China should choose from among the three types of climatic zones each one with strong economic and technical strength in the units engaged in the development and utilization of new energy sources, As the promotion unit of ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it will build demonstration projects with the agencies recommended by the United States to ensure the success of demonstration projects.

The second phase: cooperation and promotion. When the demonstration project is completed, three ground source heat pump promotion units work together with their U.S. counterparts in China to promote the public awareness. Promotion work has two aspects. First, in more places in China and in different sizes and different uses of buildings to build different ground-source heat pump system, has access to the majority of users awareness and recognition. The second is to carry out ground-source heat pump design capacity building and personnel training to carry out technical exchange activities, popularization of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump knowledge. At the same time, the establishment of China's ground source heat pump design database, preparation of China's hydrogeological conditions, building codes, heating and cooling standards and building materials, equipment, labor force price of the design software to improve China's design department of the United States soil-type ground source heat pump system design Level.

The third stage: joint venture production. When the advanced soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States has become known to the public and the market prospect is clear, a few Chinese manufacturers with strong economic strength, strict management and a modern enterprise system have been selected on the basis of voluntary, Equality and mutual benefit. With the strong and technologically advanced geothermal pump manufacturers in the United States, the joint venture production has been brewing and negotiated to reduce the production cost of ground-source heat pumps and gradually raise the level of localization. Joint ventures will be strictly conducted in a market-based manner. Attention should be paid to introducing a competition mechanism to prevent vicious competition such as the unprofitable pursuit of profits and the erosion of the reputation of ground source heat pump technologies.