From October 12 to 15, 381 domestic and foreign scientific instrument manufacturers from 16 countries and regions debuted at the 14th Beijing Analytical Conference and Exhibition (BCEIA). The ratio of the number of domestic exhibitors to the number of overseas exhibitors was 2:1, and in the first BCEIA in 1985, the ratio was 1:9. “In the past, foreign products were the protagonists, and more and more domestic brands are now available,†said Yan Zecheng, executive deputy director of the Scientific Instrument Academic Committee of the China Instrument and Instrument Society, who has always been concerned about BCEIA.
However, there is another set of figures that are equally astonishing. According to the statistics of the China Institute of Instrumentation and Statistics, in recent years, 60% of China’s trillions of yuan in fixed assets investment in scientific research has been used to purchase imported equipment. In some areas, high-end equipment is 100% dependent on imports.
Industry experts pointed out that problems such as low-end equipment, weak basic technology, and lack of talents in the industry have become the bottleneck restricting the development of the domestic scientific instrument industry.
The company's small-scale high-end instrument Shao Cong Technology (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. is a supplier of environmental and safety testing and analysis equipment. At this exhibition, they exhibited the "Eleventh Five-Year" science and technology support plan project results "portable gas chromatography - mass spectrometry instrument." If the tanker is overturned, or if the specific composition of the chemical waste is unknown, the device can be used for more than ten minutes to obtain the answer, and the solution can be given for different components.
This instrument was originally manufactured by a U.S. company and was sold for more than 3 million yuan. In 2010, after concentrating on the successful R&D of the technology, it was priced at 1.5 million yuan. The academic opinion given by the two academicians is that the performance indicators are the same as those of American companies and even surpass some aspects. After the equipment came out, foreign companies reduced the price of the product by 1/3. "Even if one is not for sale, it can save the country 50 million yuan each year." The staff of the Concentration Technology Booth said. What's more, only the Ministry of Environmental Protection has purchased 66 units in bulk.
However, this situation is after all a minority.
"The number of domestic scientific instrument companies is much larger than that of foreign companies, but there is a big difference between the overall technology and foreign companies," said Wang Feng, general manager of Beijing Putian Senmai Technology Co., Ltd.
In the past two years, the China Instrument and Metering Society has conducted special research on the development of China's scientific instrument industry. The results show that in 2010, China's imports of scientific instruments 15.73 billion US dollars, an increase of 35.23%; exports 6.413 billion US dollars, an increase of 28.28%, import and export deficit reached 9.39 billion US dollars.
Wu Youhua, deputy chairman and secretary-general of the China Instrument and Control Association, told the Science and Technology Daily that the domestic market share of domestically produced instruments has increased, but high-end instruments still rely on imports. For example, the scientific instruments of universities and colleges, research institutes, national key laboratories, national analytical testing centers, etc. are mostly imported products; scientific instruments used by large and medium-sized enterprises such as steel, petroleum, and electric power are used in harsh working environments. The same is true.
Another phenomenon that merits attention is that most of China's scientific instrument companies have been established for a short period of time, small enterprises have accounted for the vast majority, and corporate R&D input capabilities are weak, and products are squeezed into a few varieties. In order to survive, in the fierce market competition, companies compete to reduce prices, reduce profit margins, and also reduce the ability of R & D investment.
Wu Youhua, for example, said that in 2010, China’s national sales volume of atomic fluorescence spectrometers with independent intellectual property rights was about 2,000 units, and there were nearly 10 manufacturers. The cost of raw materials for a fully automated atomic fluorescence spectrometer is between 2.5 and 30,000 yuan, and the market sales price should be above 75,000 yuan. However, some companies sell a large amount at a low price of 40,000 yuan. The price vicious competition among domestic enterprises loses not only profits, but also loses the trust of users.
The weak foundation talents Liu Mingzhong has engaged in a lifetime of scientific instruments. In 2001 he founded Beijing Jitian Instrument Co., Ltd.
When he first entered the industry 40 years ago, he encountered this problem. Certain key domestically-manufactured parts have a low level and they can only rely on imports. For example, photomultiplier tubes, which are the components that the atomic spectroscopy and molecular spectroscopy instruments must use, directly affect the key indicators such as the sensitivity and stability of the instrument. After 40 years have passed, the device still relies on imports. Each year, only one company of Jitian Instruments needs to use 500-600 imported photomultiplier tubes and spend 3-4 million yuan. If we want to say the biggest "change" in 40 years, it means that import prices have increased by almost 10 times.
"The development of similar key components requires the country to take the lead and concentrate its efforts on research and development," said Liu Mingzhong.
Many interviewees also believe that due to the fact that national science and technology funds are mainly invested in universities and scientific research institutions, they are less invested in enterprises. The research and development funds of enterprises mainly rely on self-raising. However, corporate profits are not high, investment in R&D capital is low, and it is often difficult to make continuous investments.
What about universities and research institutes?
China Institute of Instrumentation found in the investigation that the situation is equally not optimistic.
According to the data, during the “Tenth Five-Year Plan†period, the total funds invested by the Central Government in the scientific and technological research plan and the 863 Plan amounted to 21.853 billion yuan, of which the funds for general scientific instruments, such as mass spectroscopy and spectroscopy, were 085 million yuan, for a total of 110 projects. The input intensity of the project is RMB 772,200.
“Scientific instruments are high-tech products. It is difficult to meet the demand for research and development with this input strength.†Wu Youhua said that as of 2010, of the 280 national key laboratories that were in operation, only three were related to scientific instruments; Of the 350 national engineering (technical) research centers and national engineering laboratories, less than 10 are directly related to independent research and development of scientific instruments and equipment, and no key laboratory for scientific research and development and engineering and technology research centers have been established in the enterprise. . Since the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the National Science and Technology Program has supported many scientific instrument research and development projects. However, due to the discontinuity of support, after many projects have been completed, the research team has turned to other fields, and scientific research institutions, universities, and companies undertaking tasks have not yet formed certain knowledge and achievements. Accumulation can't form a R&D base.
At the same time, many people also pointed out that the biggest bottleneck restricting the rapid development of China's scientific instrument industry is the lack of outstanding R&D talents.
As chairman of the board, Liu Mingzhong has been fortunate to be early in this movement. In 2004, Jitian Instrument has started recruiting Ph.D. “What are the young people who want to engage in technology? The main thing is the treatment and good scientific research conditions.†In that year, Liu Mingzhong recruited two Ph.D. candidates from Peking University and Tsinghua University to give each of them about 10 masters and undergraduates. Assistants are treated no less than foreign companies. The company's R&D investment accounts for about 10% of sales revenue, which does not include research funding from the country.
Liu Mingzhong tasted sweetness this year. The company has eight new products available.
However, Wu Youhua said that due to the relatively weak economic foundation and R&D foundation of China's scientific instrument and equipment manufacturers, it has been difficult to attract talents to work in this industry for a long time, resulting in experienced equipment equipment R&D, application and engineer technical experts are scarce. In addition, due to the unreasonable subject setting of the university and the lack of compound talents, it is difficult for enterprises to recruit suitable talents; the production R&D base established by the internationally renowned multinational companies in China also pays high salaries to excavate the high-end talents of China's scientific research institutions and enterprises.
The strategic design at the national level is imminent The achievement of major scientific and technological achievements and the opening up of scientific fields are often guided by breakthroughs in scientific instruments and technological methods. There are many such examples: the invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells, which led to the leap of biology. In 1986, a Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the invention of a scientific instrument, the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), for only 5 years. The reason for its rapid award is that it extends the scientist's vision directly to the level of individual atoms and individual molecules. For more than 20 years, STM has opened up new fields in nanotechnology research and has become the most critical characterization instrument for nanoscopic microscopy. Since the 20th century, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to dozens of scientists engaged in the development of new technologies, new methods and new instruments.
In recent years, research and development of a strategic road map have become one of the most important policy tools for developed countries. According to Wu Youhua, the British government issued the British White Paper on Science and Technology Policy “Excellence and Opportunity: Science and Innovation Policy for the 21st Century†in July 2000. According to this policy, the UK Science and Technology Office issued a “Large Scientific Facility†in June 2001. The Strategic Roadmap, which updates its content every two years, announced in August 2009 a draft new roadmap. The Japanese government also plans to promote its construction, so that the construction of Japan's large scientific instruments can continue to develop.
“At present, China lacks a national-level strategy.†Wu Youhua said that this is mainly reflected in the lack of overall coordination of government funding programs, lack of macro layout, and lack of strategic design. From the national perspective, there is a lack of consensus on which technology areas must be competed and which areas have research bases and which can grasp independent intellectual property rights and key core technologies in the coming years. Due to the lack of coordination and communication among various plans for R&D of scientific instruments and equipment, there is a certain degree of disconnection between basic research, applied research, and the need for commercialization development; some key areas lack R&D support, and in some areas, there are duplicate projects and waste of resources.
He also stated that the research and development of innovative scientific instruments needs continuous accumulation for several decades. The emergence of high-level academic leaders also requires the constant struggle of scientists and technicians in the field for ten years or even decades, and the current funding for scientific instruments and equipment Competitive projects are the mainstay, and it is difficult for this kind of funding model to form sustained and stable investment. The knowledge of scientific and technological personnel is also difficult to form a continuous accumulation. Scientific research results cannot be continuously deepened and expanded, and high-level academic leaders have serious faults, so it is difficult to Produce major scientific research results, and existing scientific research results are difficult to industrialize.
He suggested setting up a third-party evaluation center to carry out scientific instrument demonstrations and promote the widespread application of domestic scientific instruments; use government procurement, tax incentives, and other policies to create markets for domestically-innovated scientific instruments; in addition, incentive policies should be implemented to improve technology. Personnel evaluation indicators, to promote the development of equipment; cultivate innovative enterprises, give full play to the role of the enterprise as an innovation subject.
However, there is another set of figures that are equally astonishing. According to the statistics of the China Institute of Instrumentation and Statistics, in recent years, 60% of China’s trillions of yuan in fixed assets investment in scientific research has been used to purchase imported equipment. In some areas, high-end equipment is 100% dependent on imports.
Industry experts pointed out that problems such as low-end equipment, weak basic technology, and lack of talents in the industry have become the bottleneck restricting the development of the domestic scientific instrument industry.
The company's small-scale high-end instrument Shao Cong Technology (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. is a supplier of environmental and safety testing and analysis equipment. At this exhibition, they exhibited the "Eleventh Five-Year" science and technology support plan project results "portable gas chromatography - mass spectrometry instrument." If the tanker is overturned, or if the specific composition of the chemical waste is unknown, the device can be used for more than ten minutes to obtain the answer, and the solution can be given for different components.
This instrument was originally manufactured by a U.S. company and was sold for more than 3 million yuan. In 2010, after concentrating on the successful R&D of the technology, it was priced at 1.5 million yuan. The academic opinion given by the two academicians is that the performance indicators are the same as those of American companies and even surpass some aspects. After the equipment came out, foreign companies reduced the price of the product by 1/3. "Even if one is not for sale, it can save the country 50 million yuan each year." The staff of the Concentration Technology Booth said. What's more, only the Ministry of Environmental Protection has purchased 66 units in bulk.
However, this situation is after all a minority.
"The number of domestic scientific instrument companies is much larger than that of foreign companies, but there is a big difference between the overall technology and foreign companies," said Wang Feng, general manager of Beijing Putian Senmai Technology Co., Ltd.
In the past two years, the China Instrument and Metering Society has conducted special research on the development of China's scientific instrument industry. The results show that in 2010, China's imports of scientific instruments 15.73 billion US dollars, an increase of 35.23%; exports 6.413 billion US dollars, an increase of 28.28%, import and export deficit reached 9.39 billion US dollars.
Wu Youhua, deputy chairman and secretary-general of the China Instrument and Control Association, told the Science and Technology Daily that the domestic market share of domestically produced instruments has increased, but high-end instruments still rely on imports. For example, the scientific instruments of universities and colleges, research institutes, national key laboratories, national analytical testing centers, etc. are mostly imported products; scientific instruments used by large and medium-sized enterprises such as steel, petroleum, and electric power are used in harsh working environments. The same is true.
Another phenomenon that merits attention is that most of China's scientific instrument companies have been established for a short period of time, small enterprises have accounted for the vast majority, and corporate R&D input capabilities are weak, and products are squeezed into a few varieties. In order to survive, in the fierce market competition, companies compete to reduce prices, reduce profit margins, and also reduce the ability of R & D investment.
Wu Youhua, for example, said that in 2010, China’s national sales volume of atomic fluorescence spectrometers with independent intellectual property rights was about 2,000 units, and there were nearly 10 manufacturers. The cost of raw materials for a fully automated atomic fluorescence spectrometer is between 2.5 and 30,000 yuan, and the market sales price should be above 75,000 yuan. However, some companies sell a large amount at a low price of 40,000 yuan. The price vicious competition among domestic enterprises loses not only profits, but also loses the trust of users.
The weak foundation talents Liu Mingzhong has engaged in a lifetime of scientific instruments. In 2001 he founded Beijing Jitian Instrument Co., Ltd.
When he first entered the industry 40 years ago, he encountered this problem. Certain key domestically-manufactured parts have a low level and they can only rely on imports. For example, photomultiplier tubes, which are the components that the atomic spectroscopy and molecular spectroscopy instruments must use, directly affect the key indicators such as the sensitivity and stability of the instrument. After 40 years have passed, the device still relies on imports. Each year, only one company of Jitian Instruments needs to use 500-600 imported photomultiplier tubes and spend 3-4 million yuan. If we want to say the biggest "change" in 40 years, it means that import prices have increased by almost 10 times.
"The development of similar key components requires the country to take the lead and concentrate its efforts on research and development," said Liu Mingzhong.
Many interviewees also believe that due to the fact that national science and technology funds are mainly invested in universities and scientific research institutions, they are less invested in enterprises. The research and development funds of enterprises mainly rely on self-raising. However, corporate profits are not high, investment in R&D capital is low, and it is often difficult to make continuous investments.
What about universities and research institutes?
China Institute of Instrumentation found in the investigation that the situation is equally not optimistic.
According to the data, during the “Tenth Five-Year Plan†period, the total funds invested by the Central Government in the scientific and technological research plan and the 863 Plan amounted to 21.853 billion yuan, of which the funds for general scientific instruments, such as mass spectroscopy and spectroscopy, were 085 million yuan, for a total of 110 projects. The input intensity of the project is RMB 772,200.
“Scientific instruments are high-tech products. It is difficult to meet the demand for research and development with this input strength.†Wu Youhua said that as of 2010, of the 280 national key laboratories that were in operation, only three were related to scientific instruments; Of the 350 national engineering (technical) research centers and national engineering laboratories, less than 10 are directly related to independent research and development of scientific instruments and equipment, and no key laboratory for scientific research and development and engineering and technology research centers have been established in the enterprise. . Since the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the National Science and Technology Program has supported many scientific instrument research and development projects. However, due to the discontinuity of support, after many projects have been completed, the research team has turned to other fields, and scientific research institutions, universities, and companies undertaking tasks have not yet formed certain knowledge and achievements. Accumulation can't form a R&D base.
At the same time, many people also pointed out that the biggest bottleneck restricting the rapid development of China's scientific instrument industry is the lack of outstanding R&D talents.
As chairman of the board, Liu Mingzhong has been fortunate to be early in this movement. In 2004, Jitian Instrument has started recruiting Ph.D. “What are the young people who want to engage in technology? The main thing is the treatment and good scientific research conditions.†In that year, Liu Mingzhong recruited two Ph.D. candidates from Peking University and Tsinghua University to give each of them about 10 masters and undergraduates. Assistants are treated no less than foreign companies. The company's R&D investment accounts for about 10% of sales revenue, which does not include research funding from the country.
Liu Mingzhong tasted sweetness this year. The company has eight new products available.
However, Wu Youhua said that due to the relatively weak economic foundation and R&D foundation of China's scientific instrument and equipment manufacturers, it has been difficult to attract talents to work in this industry for a long time, resulting in experienced equipment equipment R&D, application and engineer technical experts are scarce. In addition, due to the unreasonable subject setting of the university and the lack of compound talents, it is difficult for enterprises to recruit suitable talents; the production R&D base established by the internationally renowned multinational companies in China also pays high salaries to excavate the high-end talents of China's scientific research institutions and enterprises.
The strategic design at the national level is imminent The achievement of major scientific and technological achievements and the opening up of scientific fields are often guided by breakthroughs in scientific instruments and technological methods. There are many such examples: the invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells, which led to the leap of biology. In 1986, a Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the invention of a scientific instrument, the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), for only 5 years. The reason for its rapid award is that it extends the scientist's vision directly to the level of individual atoms and individual molecules. For more than 20 years, STM has opened up new fields in nanotechnology research and has become the most critical characterization instrument for nanoscopic microscopy. Since the 20th century, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to dozens of scientists engaged in the development of new technologies, new methods and new instruments.
In recent years, research and development of a strategic road map have become one of the most important policy tools for developed countries. According to Wu Youhua, the British government issued the British White Paper on Science and Technology Policy “Excellence and Opportunity: Science and Innovation Policy for the 21st Century†in July 2000. According to this policy, the UK Science and Technology Office issued a “Large Scientific Facility†in June 2001. The Strategic Roadmap, which updates its content every two years, announced in August 2009 a draft new roadmap. The Japanese government also plans to promote its construction, so that the construction of Japan's large scientific instruments can continue to develop.
“At present, China lacks a national-level strategy.†Wu Youhua said that this is mainly reflected in the lack of overall coordination of government funding programs, lack of macro layout, and lack of strategic design. From the national perspective, there is a lack of consensus on which technology areas must be competed and which areas have research bases and which can grasp independent intellectual property rights and key core technologies in the coming years. Due to the lack of coordination and communication among various plans for R&D of scientific instruments and equipment, there is a certain degree of disconnection between basic research, applied research, and the need for commercialization development; some key areas lack R&D support, and in some areas, there are duplicate projects and waste of resources.
He also stated that the research and development of innovative scientific instruments needs continuous accumulation for several decades. The emergence of high-level academic leaders also requires the constant struggle of scientists and technicians in the field for ten years or even decades, and the current funding for scientific instruments and equipment Competitive projects are the mainstay, and it is difficult for this kind of funding model to form sustained and stable investment. The knowledge of scientific and technological personnel is also difficult to form a continuous accumulation. Scientific research results cannot be continuously deepened and expanded, and high-level academic leaders have serious faults, so it is difficult to Produce major scientific research results, and existing scientific research results are difficult to industrialize.
He suggested setting up a third-party evaluation center to carry out scientific instrument demonstrations and promote the widespread application of domestic scientific instruments; use government procurement, tax incentives, and other policies to create markets for domestically-innovated scientific instruments; in addition, incentive policies should be implemented to improve technology. Personnel evaluation indicators, to promote the development of equipment; cultivate innovative enterprises, give full play to the role of the enterprise as an innovation subject.
Oxide powder for thermal spray refers to a type of powder material that is used in thermal spray processes. Thermal spray is a coating technique where a material in powder form is heated and propelled onto a substrate, forming a coating.
Oxide powders are commonly used in thermal spray applications due to their high melting points, excellent wear resistance, and thermal insulation properties. They can be used to create protective coatings on various surfaces, such as metals, ceramics, and plastics.
Some common types of oxide powders used in thermal spray include:
1. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3): This oxide powder is widely used for its high hardness, wear resistance, and thermal insulation properties. It is commonly used for coating applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics.
2. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2): Zirconium oxide powder is known for its high melting point and excellent thermal barrier properties. It is often used in thermal spray coatings for gas turbine engine components, where thermal insulation is critical.
3. Chromium oxide (Cr2O3): Chromium oxide powder is used for its high hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. It is commonly used in applications where high temperature and abrasive wear resistance are required.
4. Titanium oxide (TiO2): Titanium oxide powder is known for its high refractive index and excellent UV resistance. It is often used in thermal spray coatings for optical and decorative applications.
These oxide powders can be applied using various thermal spray techniques, such as flame spraying, plasma spraying, or high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The choice of oxide powder and thermal spray technique depends on the specific application requirements and desired coating properties.
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