[Crystal structure] equiaxed crystal system, vertical aspect lattice; a 0 = 1.402 to 1.417 nm.
The crystal structure is characterized by: 60 C is formed by a bond between the C-C bond in the diamond and the C-C bond in the graphite layer, and a total of 90 C-C bonds are formed. The C 60 molecular surface grid contains 20 hexagons and 12 spaced pentagons (Fig. Z-10(a)). The diameter of the sphere is about 0.7 nm, and π electrons are distributed on the inner and outer surfaces of the sphere. Such spherical C 60 molecules form C 60 crystals in the most closely packed form of equal spherical cubes, so C 60 crystals have a vertical aspect structure, each cell contains 4 C 60 molecules, and C 60 molecules have van der Waals bonds. Combine. C 60 molecules can rotate freely on a grid point, which causes it to become after silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide semiconductor material of a new type.
[Form] The shape of C 60 single crystal is a polymorph of cube {100} and octahedron {111}, see Figure Z-10(b). 
Molecular structure and crystal morphology of Figure Z-10C 60
(a) C 60 molecular shape (quoted from Zhang Zhisan, 1991);
(b) C 60 crystal morphology (quoted from Zhang Yang et al., 1997)
[Physical properties and applications] The special structural characteristics determine that C 60 has very special physical properties and application value. First, C 60 crystal having semiconducting properties; Secondly, most notably the C 60 doped superconductivity, for example: C 60 K after having doped superconducting critical temperature of 18K, the superconducting C 60 doped rubidium The critical temperature is increased to 30K. In addition, each carbon atom of C 60 molecule is hanged with a fluorine atom outside the cage to form a C 60 F 60 derivative, which is a super high temperature resistant (~700 ° C) lubricant, which can be regarded as "molecular ball"; The lithium atom is injected into the C 60 cage to make a high-efficiency lithium battery resistant to atmospheric corrosion, and the like.
In summary, the peculiar C 60 molecular structure leads to its extraordinary physical properties. However, this peculiar structural form is not only a football form that enchants thousands of people on a green field, but also a perfect mechanics and living body structure, because some spherical buildings, some viruses, blastocysts, etc. have this. A similar structural form.
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