Coordinating the Grain and Feed Structure to Promote the New Pattern of the Integration of the First, Second and Third Industries

Coordinating the Grain and Feed Structure to Promote the New Pattern of the Integration of the First, Second and Third Industries

On April 28, the Ministry of Agriculture announced the “National Plantation Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020)”, which clearly defined the six major categories of agricultural products [-0.73% of funds, grain, cotton, oil, fruit, vegetables and feed]. With regard to the adjustment of its variety structure and regional layout, it is proposed to speed up the development of the grain, feed and feed, the combination of breeding and breeding, and the integration of the first, second and third industries.

Constructing crop-coordinated crop structure

At present, the structural contradictions of agriculture are prominent, and there is a stage of oversupply and insufficient supply. Pan Wenbo, deputy director of the Department of Planting of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that China's rice balance is slightly balanced, wheat is basically balanced, and corn's staged supply exceeds demand. The soybean supply and demand gap is expanding year by year. Cotton, oilseeds, sugar materials, etc. were constrained by resources and impacted by the international market. Imports increased sharply and production declined. There is a shortage of forage and imports are increasing year by year.

Based on this, the “Planning” clarifies that the goal of the restructuring of the crop industry is mainly “two guarantees, three stability, and two coordination”. That is to ensure the rations, grain protection, stable cotton, edible vegetable oil, sugar self-sufficiency level, to achieve coordinated development of vegetable production and demand, forage production and animal husbandry coordinated development.

Since the reform and opening up, China's agricultural structure has generally undergone four rounds of adjustment. The round was in the mid-1980s. After the contracting of households, the focus of structural adjustment was to expand the grain. In the second round, in the early 1990s, the phenomenon of “selling food difficulties” appeared. The focus of this round was on the development of high yield and agriculture. In the third round, at the end of the 1990s, the grain output reached a new high, and the area of ​​the three major staple grains of rice, wheat and corn was greatly reduced. "At present, it is the fourth round of structural adjustment." Pan Wenbo said that the characteristics of this round of planting structure adjustment planning are that there are pressures to maintain, there are options to stabilize rice, wheat and other rations, and to reduce the pressure on corn. Development of market demand for soybeans, miscellaneous grains, beans, potatoes, forage and other products. This is not only an effort to increase the number of agricultural products, but also to improve the structure and improve the quality and efficiency.

The industry believes that structural adjustment, to optimize the corn structure as an entry point to promote "destocking", to promote the "cost reduction" with the focus of agricultural savings and efficiency. Development of agricultural products, priority to the development of agricultural products such as rice, strong gluten weak wheat, high protein soybeans. Develop special agricultural products and actively develop processing-type special varieties such as sweet waxy corn, processed early indica rice and high-starch potato. Develop characteristic agricultural products, develop rice with special germplasm resources according to local conditions, miscellaneous grains with regional characteristics, and small-sized oils with unique flavors.

Cultivate varieties adapted to market needs

"Planning" puts forward the stable area and quality of rice, and the hybrid rice and conventional rice are equal; stabilize winter wheat, restore spring wheat, grasp the two ends in the quality, and bring the middle; consolidate and enhance the advantageous production areas of corn, appropriately reduce the non-dominant areas, reduce Grain corn, expand silage corn, properly develop fresh corn; soybean grain rotation, restore area, improve quality, and benefit.

“Currently, there are many food inventories, mainly corn, and corn is the key to the restructuring of the crop industry.” Zhang Shihuang, a scientist in the national corn industry technology system, said that the reform direction of the corn storage system has been clear, that is, the policy of temporarily purchasing and storing corn has been abolished. The new mechanism of market-based acquisitions and “subsidies”, farmers accompanying the sale of corn on the market, the government gives certain subsidies, and the corn planting income in the dominant production areas is basically stable. The Ministry of Agriculture proposed that by 2020, the corn area will be reduced by more than 50 million mu, and this year it will be reduced by more than 10 million mu.

Han Tianfu, a scientist at the national soybean industry technology system, said that China's soybeans are in short supply. In 2015, China's soybean area was only 97.56 million mu, which was the low level since the founding of New China; soybean imports reached 81.69 million tons, accounting for about 70% of the global soybean trade volume, becoming a large soybean importing country. The goal of soybean production is to optimize the regional layout and promote technological innovation, and strive to reach 140 million mu of soybeans by 2020, an increase of 40 million mu.

"Currently, China lacks strong gluten wheat that can make bread and biscuits." In the view of Xiao Shihe, a scientist in the national wheat industry technology system, wheat needs to "grab both ends and bring the middle." “Catch two ends” is to develop weak gluten wheat for processing strong gluten wheat and processed biscuit cakes that are scarce in the market. “Being in the middle” is to promote the quality of medium-gluten or medium-strength wheat used for processing steamed bread and noodles.

Layout coordinated regional structure

At present, China's main product advantages have taken shape. Wheat is mainly focused on Huanghuaihai, rice is mainly in the northeast and Yangtze River basins, corn is mainly in the northeast and Huanghuaihai, soybean is mainly in the northeast and Huanghuaihai, cotton is focused on Xinjiang, and rapeseed is focused on the Yangtze River basin. It is expected that with the focus on Guangxi and Yunnan, a number of advantageous industrial belts with distinctive characteristics and concentrated layout will be formed.

Since entering the new century [0.00% fund research report], the degree of specialization in crop production in Northeast China has rapidly increased, becoming an important corn and japonica rice production area in China. At the same time, the area of ​​other crops continues to decrease, especially as the area of ​​traditionally superior crop soybeans continues to shrink. Due to climate and variety reasons, there are some special varieties in Northeast China and the market competitiveness is not strong.

Li Shirun, deputy inspector of the Agriculture Committee of Heilongjiang Province, said that the Northeast region should focus on the implementation of the words “stability, reduction, expansion and construction”, namely, stabilizing rice, reducing non-predominant areas of corn, expanding soybean grains and forage crops, and constructing rationally. Rotation system. At present, the Heilongjiang planting structure adjustment plan has been formulated. Compared with the previous year, corn was reduced by more than 15 million mu, rice was reduced by 2 million mu, soybeans increased by 4.3 million mu, miscellaneous grains and beans increased by 3 million mu, economic crops increased by 3.2 million mu, and forage crops increased by 1.6 million mu.

Pan Wenbo said that considering the factors such as resource carrying capacity, environmental capacity and ecological type, the Ministry of Agriculture has determined the development direction of different regions: upgrading the main producing areas, focusing on the development of grain and oil producing areas, Xinjiang inland cotton areas, Guiyu and Guangdong. Sugar cane advantage zone. Develop the Nancai North Transportation Base and the northern facility vegetables, strengthen infrastructure construction, and steadily increase production capacity. Establish a functional area, and prioritize wheat and paddy fields with better matching of soil and water resources and relatively concentrated contiguous grain production functional areas. Establish protected areas and speed up the listing of important agricultural products with outstanding resource advantages [0.20%] and obvious regional characteristics in the protected areas, with emphasis on the development of soybeans in the Northeast, “double low” rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin, Xinjiang cotton, and “double high” sugar cane in Guangxi.

(Original title: China's planting industry structure adjustment "three arrows Qifa" Grain and fishery co-ordination, breeding and integration, one, two, three industries integration)